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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel was monk that lived during the middle of the 19th century, During his free time Mendel studied pea plants and discovered the different kind of traits and he made the Law's of mendel in which 1) The Law of Segregation
2) A law of Dominance.
3) The Law of the Independent Assorment -
Fried Miescher
Johann Friedrich Miescher discovers a weakly acidic substance in human nuclei he calls nuclein. It is later
called DNA. -
Walther Fleming
Walther Fleming discovers chromosomes. -
Carl, Hugo and Enrich rediscovering Mendel's laws
Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries and Enrich Rediscovered the law's of Mendel by studying the Law's of heredity and making other kind of experiments -
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Walter Stanborough Sutton
Walter Stanborough Sutton uses grasshoppers to discover that chromosomes have genes. -
Thomas Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan established the chromosomal theory of inheritance. In 1911, he established the "Fly Room" at Columbia to determine how a species changed over time. Many of the important discoveries of genetic and chromosomal inheritance came out of Morgan's lab through research using fruit flies -
Hermann Muller
H. Muller shows that X-rays induce mutations in a dose-dependent fashion. -
Genome
The term was adapted in 1920 by Hans Winkler, Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. In Greek, the word genome means "I become, I am born, to come into being". The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. A few related -ome words already existed, such as biome and rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically. -
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are shown to be made of protein and DNA. -
Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock.
Genetic recombination is caused by a physical exchange of chromosomal pieces, as shown in corn by Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock. -
Beadle and Tatum.
George Beadle, "Beets" to his friends, and Edward Tatum experimentally demonstrated the “one gene one protein” hypothesis. Their statement was one gene encodes one protein, as described by Beadle and Tatum. -
Oswald Avery
Oswald Avery figures out that Griffith’s substance was DNA. -
Lederberg and Tatum.
Genetic material can be transferred laterally between bacterial cells, as shown by Lederberg and Tatum. -
Erwin Chargaff
In DNA, there are equal amounts of A and T, and equal amounts of C and G, as shown by Erwin Chargaff. However, the A+T to C+G ratio can differ between organisms. -
Roy Britten
Roy Britten showed that eukaryotic genomes have many repetitive, noncoding DNA sequences. -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
DNA is the molecule that mediates heredity, as shown in bacteriophage labeling experiments by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. This confirmation of the 1944 results really convinced everyone. -
Francis Crick, James Watson and Rosalind Franklin
Francis Crick, James Watson and Rosalind Franklin discover the double helix structure of Dna by using X-ray at the cell. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
James Watson and Francis Crick at the same time of Franklin's Discovery were trying to figure out the DNA Structure later they concluded DNA must look like a Long twisted Ladder and made their own model. This model later Help explain how DNA is copied and how it functions in the cell. -
FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON CRICK
Besides coming up with the double helix structure for DNA with James Watson, Crick also proposed the Central Dogma and Adaptor Hypothesis. -
Paul Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland
Paul Zamecnik and Mahlon Hoagland determined the identity of Crick’s adaptor molecule, tRNA. -
Meselson and Stahl
Meselson and Stahl experimentally proved Watson and Crick’s model of semi-conservative replication. -
DNA and RNA
Messenger RNA is the intermediate between DNA and protein. -
SYDNEY BRENNER
Syndney Brenner with help of his colleagues François Jacob and Mathew Meselson showed that rRNA was not the template for building proteins, There was third type of RNA-an unstable intermidiate-That carries the DNA message to the ribosomes -
The genetic Code is cracked
The genetic code is cracked by a number of researchers (including Nirenberg, Matthaei, Leder, and Khorana etc..) using RNA homopolymer and heteropolymer experiments as well as tRNA labeling experiments. -
Hamilton Smith
The first restriction enzyme is purified by Hamilton Smith. -
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
Recombinant DNA is first constructed by Cohen and Boyer. -
Roger Kornberg
Roger Kornberg figured out the importance of histones to chromatin structure. -
Fred Sanger
DNA sequencing technology is developed by Fred Sanger. -
Kary Mullis
PCR is developed by Kary Mullis. -
DNA Fingerprinting etc...
DNA fingerprinting, gene therapy, and genetically modified foods come onto the scene. -
Pat Brown
DNA microarrays are invented by Pat Brown and colleagues. -
Technology and DNA
Automated sequencing technology allows genome projects to accelerate. -
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Ian Wilmut
The first cloning of a mammal (Dolly the sheep) is performed by Ian Wilmut and colleagues, from the Roslin institute in Scotland. -
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Genome projects
Genome projects are begun. The yeast genome is complete in 1996, and the C. elegans genome is done in 1998. -
Human Genome Completed
The Drosophila genome is completed. The Arabidopsis genome is completed. The human genome is reported to be completed. -
J. Craig Venter
J. Craig Venter began the race to sequence the human genome when he unexpectedly announced to a room full of genome researchers that they could just quit now, thank you, because his company would finish the job. People who like him say he never filters his thoughts and he shoots from the hip. Others have been less diplomatic, calling him an egomaniac, an idiot, and a shallow man. -
Post-genomic era
The sequence of the human genome is released, and the "post-genomic era" officially begins. -
Animal and human cloning
Controversies continue over human and animal cloning, research on stem cells, and genetic modification of crops.