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In ancient Greece the dispensable model emerged in which the Greeks trained and sought to perfect their bodies since class thinking led them to think that only the most physically prepared bodies were optimal and suitable to live among society, so only the more perfect body was fit,
and those who had disabilities were rejected and marginalized, where they considered that the cause of this was religious and that these people were a burden on society with nothing to contribute. -
The dispensable model is divided into 2: The eugenic model which considered the growth of children with disabilities as an inconvenience, since it was a life that did not deserve to be lived, and that they would be a burden for their parents and society. The other model is that of marginalization, which consisted of excluding people with disabilities, considering them objects of compassion, as a consequence of fear and rejection, since they were considered objects of curses and warning.
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Since ancient times the same concept was had regarding how to view disability, an idea that for modern man of the twentieth century was no longer fully valid for the entire social context of the time, since the mystical origin of physical characteristics of people with disabilities was no longer valid and, furthermore, the fact that they were not suitable for activities could not be a sufficient reason to marginalize them, which is why this thought is beginning to be discarded.
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As a consequence of the First World War, Americans and Europeans began to observe that the causes of disabilities were not of mystical origin as believed, but had a medical-scientific explanation, even more so after the number of soldiers who were left in condition. disability due to loss of limbs as a result of the war. So this new vision of disability opened the door to end the marginalization of these people.
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The medical model allowed us to understand and explain disability from a scientific point of view, so they realized that if the causes are treated, it is possible that people may be able to contribute to society, but even so from this model they are people were seen as sick people who could recover or not, and this determined if they could be reintegrated into society, so this model falls short in its scope
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As a result of the shortcomings of the medical model in the 1960s in the United States, the social model arises, which looks beyond deficiency and aspires for people with disabilities to have a real and active participation in all spheres of life. in society, so they fight for the rights of being able to establish interpersonal relationships, that they can live like any other person in society and can also be economically active.
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The social model is said to have started when a student with disabilities managed to enter a California university, this moment meant the first attempt at social vindication of people with disabilities, which is why they begin to fight to eliminate the environmental barriers that limit the social participation in educational, political, labor, etc; in addition to trying to eradicate the thought that disadvantages, segregation and inaccessibility are not determined by organic deficiencies.
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This model emerged in the US in the 70s, it seeks to maintain the level of health and well-being as suitable as possible in order to continue actively participating in society. The struggle is to overcome marginalization and esteem in order to guarantee equality and minimize differences. Now the problem at the social level that people with disabilities live must be handled from a universal thought where everyone must participate and must contribute to change thinking.
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In the biopsychosocial model in disability it is understood that the well-being of man depends on the integration of biological, psychological and social factors for the treatment of disabilities, this situation is what will allow the person to have a social integration in which they can be autonomous in each of their activities, thus allowing them to participate at an educational and work level.
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As of the 1991 political constitution, the state began to involve the person with disabilities, where the state will especially protect people who, due to their economic, physical or mental condition, are in a circumstance of manifest weakness and will punish abuses and mistreatment committed against them, so that people with disabilities would begin to have protection of their rights, which would evolve and would have access to social inclusion services.
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The creation of this entity made it possible to protect the rights of people with mental disorders. Later, with Law 361 of 1997, the mechanisms of social integration of people with disabilities are established to offer the population with disabilities opportunities and equality with a legal approach; which managed to be included due to the appearance of the Social Disability model. So it quickly went from a medical model to a biosicosocial one.
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This model arises in Spain based on the Human Rights of people with functional diversity, which is why there is a focus on differences and diversity in people with disabilities. Functional diversity means that there are people with diverse capacities or functionalities, as a consequence of problems that affect body structures, limitation in activities and difficulties for interpersonal relationships.
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Law 1145 of 2007 brings with it an advance in equality for people with disabilities with the creation of the National Disability System, which is an institution that seeks to formulate public policies based on the voice, knowledge and experience of people with disabilities as part of the participatory factor and fundamental principle. Law 1346 of 2009 adopts the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which is aimed at guaranteeing, promoting and protecting them.
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From the adoption of the rights of the person with disabilities (Law 1346), there was an increase in regulations aimed at the protection and inclusion of people with disabilities. In 2013 is the creation of the statutory law, which seeks to guarantee and ensure the effective exercise of the rights of people with disabilities, through the adoption of inclusion measures, affirmative action and reasonable adjustments and eliminating all forms of discrimination.