-
Period: to
Erasmus Darwin (Part 1)
One of Erasmus Darwin famous theories on evolution in Zoonomia, also known as The Law of Organic Life (1794-1796), Erasmus Darwin based his theories on David Hartley's psychological theory of 'associationism' in his book 'Observations on Man, published in 1749. Which he came up with the conclusion that one and the same kind of living filament is and has been the cause of all organic life. -
Period: to
Erasmus Darwin (Part 2)
He also talked about how competition and sexual selection could cause changes in a species, "The final course of this contest among male seems to be, that the strongest and most active animal should propogate the species which should thus be improved". Erasmus Darwin came up with his conclusion through his approach on observations of domesticated animals, the behaviour of wildlife and intergrated on other fields of his expertise, such as paleontology, biogeography, embryology, and etc. -
Period: to
William Paley (Part 2)
Even though Paley's concept of ‘God as a designer ‘is very different from Darwin's theory of natural selection, Darwin took from his reading of Paley a belief in consideration; that organisms are fit for the environments in which they live. -
Period: to
William Paley (Part 1)
His book of 1794; A View of the Evidence of Christianity was requested to be read by Cambridge University students until the 20th century. His most influential contribution to biological thought, however, was his book Natural Theology: Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the Appearances of Nature, first published in 1802. -
Period: to
Robert Chambers
Robert Chamber's theory on evolution is that the adaptation of an organism have a purpose for its survival such as the adaptation of every organ to a specific task or purpose. -
Period: to
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Part 2)
Also Lamarck’s stated another theory on ‘Use and disuse’, if organisms favor an organ more than they had in the past, it would be passed on to its offspring and it would increase in its lifetime. Meanwhile, organs that organisms stopped using would shrink and deteriorates it, and may finally disappear. -
Period: to
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Part 3)
Another theory Lamarck’s was famous for was ‘Le pouvoir de la vie’ also known as, ‘the complexifying force’. He believed that organism evolve from simpler forms, in a steady pace, slowly evolve into an ever greater levels of complexity. However, he emphasized that these forces must originate necessarily from underlying physical principles. -
Period: to
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Part 1)
Lamarck’s was famous for his theory on ‘inheritance of acquired traits’, Jean Baptiste believed that when environment changed, living organisms had to adapt to survive. It could result into new and distinct forms with local adaptations. -
Period: to
John Henslow
John Henslow scientific work prove that mutation of an organism existed, it may result in differances between the individuals. Such as, where some feature or features differ exceotionally from the standard form, It clearly showed that new traits can develop among members of a species, sometimes very drastic. Henslow also states the variation between members of the same species which shows different adaptation of an individual in the same species. -
Period: to
Charles Lyell (PART 1)
Charles Lyell's famous book, Principles of Geology,Lyell's first book. The book include Lyell's important geological theorists, ranging from valconoes and geological dynamics. -
Period: to
Charles Lyell (Part 2)
Lyell was also one of the first to believe that the world is older than 300 million years. This concept was called ‘uniformitarianism’ (initially set forth by James Hutton)’. In the book, the principles of geology, made the argument for gradualism (or uniformitarianism), the idea that present-day geological processes can explain the history of the earth. -
Period: to
Charles Darwin (Part 1)
Evolution: Species come and go through time, while they exist they change.
Common descent: organisms are descended from one, or several common ancestors and have diversified from this original stock
Species multiply: the diversification of life involves populations of one species diverging until they become two separate species; this has probably occurred billions of times on earth -
Period: to
Charles Darwin (Intro)
Charles Darwin is a famous naturalist in his time and even though he did not discover 'Evolution', he proposed the mechanism which brought an evolutionary change 'Natural Selection'. Charles Darwin outline five theories for natural selection to work. Evolution, Common descent, Species multiply, Gradualism and Natural Selection. -
Period: to
Charles Darwin (Part 2)
Gradualism: evolutionary change occurs through incremental small changes within populations; new species are not created suddenly. Natural selection: evolutionary change occurs through variation between individuals; some variants give the individual an extra survival probability. -
Period: to
Alfred Wallace
However, Wallace states that of natural selection the attributes in an organism will only develop when they accord the organism a survival advantage while Darwinian evolution claims that all biological life can be explained through a directionless process of “survival of the fittest” and random mutation. -
Period: to
Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin
Darwin worked on his theory for twenty years until he learned that Alfred Russel Wallace has came out with a similar result on evolution so, the two made a joint announcement of their discovery in 1858. Alfred Wallace’s theory of evolution was quite similar to Charles Darwin theory. They both state that evolution describe change through time to adapt to their local environment.