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declartion of indepdence
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Industrial revolution
It changed how the world made goods
Population went from being agricultural to industrial. People move off the farms and moved into the city.
Many new inventions were created such as the assembly line, steam power, telegraph, coal, the cotton gin
Created poor living conditions, they paid people badly and child labor became an issue
They also released alot of pollution. Part of our problem now. -
3/5 compromise
3/5 Compromise
Five slaves = 3 people
Slaves were counted for the House of Representatives and taxation
It was an agreement between the Northern and Southern States
National Government would control trade
Slaves were not allowed to vote. -
Constituution
Federal Convention convened in Independence Hall in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787, to revise the Articles of Confederation
Through discussion and debate it became clear by mid-June that, rather than amend the existing Articles, the Convention would draft an entirely new frame of government
the main ideas at issue were how much power to allow the central government, how many representatives in Congress to allow each state, and how these representatives should be elected--directly by the people -
states rights
Was a debate over what rights the Federal government had versus the states
It was created along with the Constitution
Part of the 10 Amendment of the Constitution rights given to states
This causes problems to lead to Civil War because each state felt like they had the right to do what they wanted with people of their state. -
bill of rights
1- In 1791 Congress made the first ten additions to the Constitution As a group they are known as The Bill of Rights because they describe the rights Americans have under their government .
2- Additions to the Constitution are known as Amendments.
3-The first Amendment guards some of the liberties we cherish most it protects freedom of religion, freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
The next seven Amendments guarantee other freedoms such as the right to a fair trial. The Bill of Right -
cotton gin
Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin
revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States.
a machine that automated the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber.
the creation helped seed separation process.
His machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states. -
nationalism
the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity
the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to self-determination.
Being loyal to their nation
Fighting for their country and what they believe in
This caused problems in Civil War because the Northern and Southern States had very different beliefs during this time. -
john brown's raid
Just after sundown on the evening of sunday October 16th 1859 John Brown led a group of 21 men across the potomac river from Maryland to Virginia.Their immediate objective was the capture of the Cache of weapons stored at the U.S Arsenal at Harpers Ferry.Brown’s ultimate goal was to destroy the slave system in the south.The arms captured by the raid would allow brown and his followers to have a stronghold in the nearby mountains from which they could attack the slave holders -
missouri compromise
Agreement put forward by Henry Clay
Allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter the Union as a free state.
The Compromise also drew an imaginary line at 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, dividing the new Louisiana Territory into two areas, one north and one south.
All of the Louisiana Territory north of this line was free territory, meaning that any territories that became states from this area would enable African-Americans to be free -
Indian removal act
law in 1830 and was signed by President Andrew Jackson.
The law did not make the Indians leave the land, but was supposed to offer them a trade of something for their lands. The lands that the government wanted were east of the Mississippi River and the Indians were supposed to move to lands that were west of the river.
led to the Trail of Tears.
In the eight years between the signing of the law and the forcible eviction of the Cherokees, more than 46,000 American Indians lost their lands -
nat turner's rebellion
one of the bloodiest and most effective in American history.
Turner and a group of followers killed some sixty white men, women, and children on the night of August 21.
Turner and 16 of his conspirators were captured and killed
Blacks were randomly killed all over Southhampton County; to show that the whites were still in charge
This started fear in Virginia that spread to the rest of the South, and is said to have started the coming of the Civil War. -
doctrine of nullification
The states can decide if federal laws are unjust and unconstitutional
The states can reject or ignore federal laws that aren’t in the constitution
Between 1798 and the civil war several states tried to nullify some federal laws
The doctrine of nullification the federal government decided it was wrong because the constitution says that the supreme court decide if laws are constitutional -
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mexican-american war
Mexico and the United States had its arguments with the struggle over who would control Texas.
In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state.
Mexico didn't like that the United States took over Texas. There also was a disagreement over the border of Texas.
Mexico said the border was at the Nueces River while Texas claimed the border was further south at the Rio Grande RiverPresident James K. Polk sent troops to Texas to protect the border. Soon Mexican and US troops were shoot -
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The undergrond railroad
It was secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United States to escape to Northern States and Canada
It was run by people who were sad about slaves.
The first step was to escape from the slaveholder.
The slaves would move at night. They would walk between 10 and 20 miles to the next station, where they would rest and eat, hiding in barns. While they waited, a message would be sent to the next station to alert its stationmaster. -
compromise of 1850
Webster’s most famous speeches
America schoolchildren would come to recite for years
American people wanted to compromise
All business leaders, farmers, laborers, were prospering
Congress voted for Clay’s Compromise of 1850 -
uncle tom's cabin
is an anti-slavery book by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave
the book talks about how Christian love can overcome something as bad as enslavement of fellow human beings
helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War, because people read how bad slaves were being treated and what them to be treated better. -
kansas -nebraska act
Put the the remaining territory gotten in the Louisiana Purchase so that they could be admitted to the Union as states.
The language concerning the contentious issue of slavery was in the act. the bill divided the region into two territories. Territory north of the 40th parallel was called Nebraska Territory, and territory south of the 40th parallel was called Kansas Territory.
Each territory would decide for itself whether or not to permit slavery.
This area became a battleground for both -
dred scott decision
In 1857 the slavery debate came before the Supreme Court
The Missouri slave named Dred Scott
Scott’s master took him to live in Illinois then Minnesota Territory before he came back to Missouri
His master death, Scott sued his freedom
Scott argued that the free territory just made him a free man -
john brown's raid con.
Just after sundown on the evening of sunday October 16th 1859 John Brown led a group of 21 men across the potomac river from Maryland to Virginia.
Their immediate objective was the capture of the Cache of weapons stored at the U.S Arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
Brown’s ultimate goal was to destroy the slave system in the south.
The arms captured by the raid would allow brown and his followers to have a stronghold in the nearby mountains from which they could attack the slave holders -
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln vs Patrick Douglas (Abraham Lincoln won)
This caused states to leave the US and make own states
Seven Southern states made their own area called the Confederacy.
Lincoln's call to restore federal property in the South forced states to take sides
This election was the beginning of the Civil War. The Civil War started because of of slavery, federalism, party politics,expansionism, sectionalism, tariffs, and economics. -
The attack on Pearl Harbor
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9/11
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Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
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Boston Marathon bombing