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500 BCE
Dark Ages
This time era was a negative impact on Europe. The economy became weak and unstable. Another negative impact, there was no type of advanced learning for civilians. Only priests had the advantage to be able to read, because the catholic church dominated the culture. This meant that everyone believed in everything the Pope had to say. An advance that this time era had was the military technology, gunpowder was adopted. Feudalism was a big thing. It was culture nobility (hierarchicals). -
400 BCE
North-American Native Societies
One of the societies are the eastern woodlands people. They are known as seasonal migrants and for being "connected to nature". Although, they take advantage of natural resources. Another society was Pacific Northwest. This society was densely populated. They lived off of the sea because there was no farming in that region. Lastly, the Arctic society. This society consisted of Eskimo & Inuit. They adapted to cold severe weather and lived off of the sea. They lived in natural houses like Igloos. -
350 BCE
Mesoamerica
The Olmec's were the first advanced civilization in the America's. They lived in tropical lowlands of south central Mexico. Bloodletting was ritualized, self-cutting or piercing of an individuals body. Now the Aztec's was the largest population (20 mil.) and was a very materialistic culture. They performed human sacrifice in honor of their "God's". They saw human sacrifice as a cultural tradition. -
300 BCE
Bering land bridge
This land bridge was used to connect the continents North America and Asia to allow exploration to seek the "new world". The first wave consisted of cultural tools made such as Clovis points that could be operated as weapons. Second wave were the ancestors of Southwest natives. The third wave consisted of ancestors of Arctic Natives. -
Period: 1 BCE to
Beginnings to exploration
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1300
The Renaissance "re-birth"
The renaissance originated in Italy. Leonardo DaVinci was known for architectural structures, paintings, and sculptures. His contribution to this era was he helped share the artwork and ideas through the printing press and invented many useful things. On the other hand, Michelangelo demonstrated realism in his work. Realism is the practice of accepting a situation as is. -
1347
The Black Death
The black death was a plague that was a great tragedy in this era. This bacteria that came from rodents/fleas that killed 40%- 50% of Europe's population. Peasants got the advantage of the population decreasing by receiving a higher standard of living and raised wage's. The merchant society were people who traded in commodities produced by other people. So, in shorter terms a small trading business. Things were sold or traded among different societies -
1450
Middle Passage
It is called the Middle Passage because it was the middle leg of the trade triangles that had developed early during the colonial period.The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. The middle passage seemed to have worked for a while. -
1492
The Colombian Exchange
The Colombian exchange was a large trade system that consisted of plants, animals, culture, human populations and technology/ ideas between the old world and new world. Diseases came across the plate and were a factor of the exchange. The changes in agriculture significantly left an impact on the exchange. This resulted in the transfer of people between different continents of the old and new world. -
Chesapeake Colonies
These colonies originated in Jamestown, Virginia. They started as a private charter from the English crown in 1606. It was the first successful colony because of its major cash crop Tobacco. It was known for being a major profit maker. This colony was small (105 settlers) and unfortunately only about 32 survived the severe winter weathers. They were also isolated from natives. -
Period: to
English Colonial Society
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New England settlement difference by region
The northern colonies were known for being rather more family orientated. The primary reason for settlement was to practice religion and to be politician-free. New England colonies was based off of manufacturing and trade. This region also consisted of subsistence farming, busy sea ports, ship building, and small villages. Subsistence farming took place because of the poor, thin soil and cold weather they had in this area. -
Southern colonies difference by region
The southern colonies were mainly plains with warmer climates and rich, fertile soil that was suitable for cash crop farming. The southern region main purpose for settlement was for economic gain (commercial gain). The south was known off of agriculture. This region consisted of things like slavery, very diverse, constant struggle for money, and jealousy for those with a lot of money. -
Massachusetts Bay colony
This colony was known for being family orientated. a major event in this time was that Charles I dissolved/ got rid of parliament. Then the famous John Winthrop was introduced. This colony contrasted greatly from the Chesapeake colonies. (The lower class stuck together) In comparison to the Chesapeake colony, this colony largely paid way to the New world. -
Tobacco
Tobacco became the main cash crop. Over 1 million pounds were exported to England by 1630. Labor was a conflict, but indentured servants were contracted to work although they were freed after 4-7 years. These servants did experience a hard life because of the labor, but employers did feed and supply servants with clothing. They also supplied servants with tools and clothes after they were freed. Others from around did this to pay to come to the new world. -
Triangular Trade
The transatlantic trade is the best-known trading system. This trade consisted of things like money, crops, manufactured goods, and even slaves. The trade went between west Africa, the Caribbean (American colonies), and the European colonial powers. This trade was very powerful and beneficial because it was the only way for colonies to make some type of money. -
The Atlantic Slave trade
International African slave trade was what it is referred to. This created a new source of labor for Europe. Slavery increased in the late 1600's. This trade consisted of countries like Spain, Portugal, and Holland. By century, Britain was the largest slave trading nation. -
Navigation Acts
The navigation acts were designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect duties (taxes) in the colonies. The act required limited dutch trade with the English colonies. Required all goods to be transported on English or colonial american ship. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch trials was believed to have started by a group of girls that were "bored". Puritans in Salem, Massachusetts were very religious people, so anything that had to do with the devil was not tolerated. The claimed to have been possessed by the devil and accused many that were innocent of witch craft. In result, 20 were convicted and many were prosecuted in cruel ways such as hanging or drowning. Soon after the truth came out and trials were admitted as a mistake or "misunderstanding". -
The Enlightenment
The enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe. This was rapidly spreading across Europe. Scientists like Isaac Newton and writers like John Locke were challenging the old order. It presented a challenge to traditional religious views. -
Caribbean Colonies
The Caribbean colonies major crop was sugar. It was known as the lifeblood of the religion. The Europeans used sugar for almost everything, especially tea. The entire population was roughly 44,000 people. Barbados was known to have a smaller population of 26,000 people and contained island labor. The slaves will eventually outnumber people and they had no official legal recourse for slaves. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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John Edwards
John Edwards had a consumer oriented society who had a quote saying "people are like spiders hanging over a nit of damnation" John Edwards was a philosopher and minister , who was involved in the religious revival known as the Great Awakening. -
The Great Awakening
The great awakening was somewhat similar to the Enlightenment, but the reaction to secularism was the cause of this event. Secularism is the separation of state from religious institutions. This is the belief that there is no discrimination against anybody in the name of religion. There was a series of emotional religious revivals that spread across the American colonies. Many were then scared into becoming religious after this. -
Seven years war
This war was a large global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. This war was caused because of the fighting over territories between the French and the British along with their alliances. This all started because the French over expanded into the Ohio River Valley and brought conflict with the British colonies. The treaty of Paris ended this war. -
The treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Stamp Act
The stamp act was passed by British Parliament on March 22, 1765. This was a tax that affected colonists to pay a tax on paper goods like letters, legal documents, or newspaper. The colonists did not like this act so they protested against it. A famous saying was created, "No taxation without representation". Petitions were made and sent to congress. -
Boston Massacre
A squad of British soldiers opened fire on american colonists and killed five men. This tragic event was caused because of all of the taxes like tea, paper, and lead being made by parliament on the American colonies. The colonists were the ones that started it by throwing snowballs with rocks inside of them at the soldiers. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston tea party was a major event in this era, due to the fact that British parliament wanted to be goofy and start taxing American colonists for drinking tea. The "tea party" isn't really a tea party. This event consisted of colonists who were angry at British soldiers, they poured over 300 boxes of tea into the Boston harbor serving as "revenge". -
Battle of Lexington
This was the first battle of the revolutionary war fought in Massachusetts. British troops traveled from Boston to seize the colonists' military supplies. The american's won the battle of course so the British retreated back to Boston. -
The Declaration Independence
The declaration of independence was a written document by Thomas Jefferson. Thomas wanted to declare freedom for American Colonies from British Parliament. -
Common Sense
This document was written published in 1776. This written statement challenged the authorization of British government and royal monarchy. The main impact from this pamphlet was to help cause American colonists to decide to fight for independence. So in other words this document was like an "instigator". -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Articles of Confederation
This document was the first written constitution of the United States. The purpose of these articles referred to the states remaining sovereign and independent, with the congress. Congress was also given the authority to make treaties and alliances, maintain armed forces and coin money. However, the central government lacked the ability to establish taxes and regulate commerce. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The treaty of Paris of 1783 was signed U.S and British Representatives on September 3, 178 and ended the revolutionary war between the American colonies and Great Britain, and recognized the United states as an independent nation -
Northwest Ordinance
The second continental congress chartered a government for the North West territory. They also provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory. Soon after they listed a bill of rights. -
Three branches of government
There are three branches of government. The following are legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch was the branch that created all of the laws. The executive branch executes and enforces the law. -
Connecticut Plan
Connecticut Compromise proposed a solution to the debate between larger and smaller dates over their representation in the newly propose senate. The larger states believed that representation should be based proportionally on the contribution each state made to the nations finances and defense, and the smaller states believed that the only fair plan was on of equal representation. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was proposed by the delegates of Virginia for a "bicameral" legislative branch. This plan was passed/ drafted by James Madison. It also proposed a strong central government composed of of the three branches. -
Federalist Party
Alexander Hamilton created this party along with his other associates to promote their political ideas. This party believed in a centralized, strong central government. They also felt that the constitution should be more open/ loose to the people -
The bill of rights
This document was created in response to calls from several states and greater constitutional protection for individual rights, there are ten amendments in the bill of rights. It lists specific restrictions on government power. -
Period: to
The New Republic
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1st national bank
The First Bank of the United States was needed because the government had a debt from the Revolutionary War, and each state had a different form of money. The First Bank's charter was drafted in 1791 by the Congress and signed by George Washington. -
whiskey rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a uprising of farmers and distillers in Western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax because of the federal government. Following years of aggression with tax collectors, the region finally exploded in a confrontation that had President Washington respond by sending troops to quell what some feared could become a full-blown revolution -
Democrat-Republicans
The democrat-republicans was a political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. It was made to oppose the centralized government that the federalists wanted to enforce. Everything the federalist party wanted, the democrat-republican party basically wanted the opposite. -
Cotton Gin
A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds. This invention made a great impact in the South. Its positive outcome was the fact that it sped up the process, but the percentage of slavery increased because of large amount of labor. -
Jay's treaty
This treaty was initially signed to avoid anymore conflict like war with Britain. They were basically "Pro-British" and did not want anything to do with them. It was used to stop Britain from impressing American sailors. -
Pickney's Treaty
Pickney's treaty was a document written in 1795 to establish intentions of friendships between the U.S an Spain. This treaty was also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo. Not only did this try to establish allies, it also set boundaries between the U.S and Spanish colonies. It also guaranteed the U.S navigation rights on the Mississippi River. -
XYZ affair
The XYZ affair was a group of people that were political and diplomatic. The one who started this group was John Adams, involving a confrontation between the US and the French as an attempt to start war with Britain. -
Kentucky Resolution
This resolution also involved the state of Virginia. These were political statements used for the states' legislatures took the position that the federal alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional. Madison hoped that would oppose against the legislative receiving power. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Period: to
Age Of Jefferson
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Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was made by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. He bought this great piece of land for $15 million dollars from the French. It was roughly about 827,000 miles across of land. This large purchase doubled the size of the United States. It gave the U.S control over the Mississippi River and port city of New Orleans for beneficial reasons (money). -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Lewis & Clark expedition
This expedition lasted about 2 years. It was known for being the first American expedition to cross over to the western region of the United States. If it wasn't for a young woman named "Sacagawea" (native American) they would not have survived this expedition because she knew how to get around. Through all tough obstacles they were successful and did discover the new lands (western region). -
Embargo Act
This act was a law passed by the United States Congress and was signed by Thomas Jefferson. It prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports. It was mainly to avoid any more conflict with British parliament. -
Madison Presidency
James Madison was a founding father of the united states and the fourth American president. Madison was an advocate for a strong federal government. Madison composed the firsts drafts of the U.S Constitution and the bill of rights and got the name “Father of the Constitution” During his presidency, Madison led the U.S into the controversial War of 1812 against Great Britain. -
Star-Spangled Banner
The star-spangled banner is our countries' national anthem to this day. although it wasn't officially adopted till 1931. These lyrics started off as a poem written by Francis Scott Key. It was originally just an ordinary poem describing what he saw the morning after the battle of Fort McHenry. It was written on the back of a letter. Years later it was transformed into a song and now is used to represent the united States of America. -
Changes in communication
The telegraph revolutionized long- distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laird between stations. Printing was also invented in the 1800s. Because of the innovation of printing, it let news spread out easier, printing helped out with advertising. -
Changes in transportation
Between 1815-1840 state governments and private investors built more than 3,000 miles of canals, including the monumental Erie, which reduced average freight costs from buffalo to New York. At the same time steamboats began to open to the nations river system to inexpensive upriver travel. The steamboat began to open to the nation’s river system to inexpensive upriver travel. The steam boat quickly accelerated trade on the Mississippi River.Other various transportation were invented. -
McColluch vs. Maryland
Maryland had established a prohibitive tax on the notes of the second bank of the United States. When the Maryland courts confirmed this law, the bank in the name of the of its Baltimore branch, cashier McCulloch appealed the Supreme Court and refused to pay the tax. The court held that Congress held the power to incorporate the bank and that Maryland could not tax instruments of the national government employed in the execution of constitutional powers. This was a major Supreme court case. -
Temperance Movement
This movement had a significant impact on the United States. This act was dedicated to try and prohibit alcohol and promote complete abstinence of it. Many believed intoxicating liquor was bad so therefore they attempted to get rid of it. -
Second great awakening
The Second Great Awakening had a profound effect on American religious history. The numerical strength of the Baptists and Methodists rose relative to that of the denominations dominant in the colonial period, such as the Anglicans. -
Period: to
American Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Election of 1824
The 1824 presidential election was one of the most hotly contested and most important in American history. Of the four major candidates, none received the requisite majority in the Electoral College. Ultimately, John Quincy Adams was elected the sixth president of the United States. The election was decided by the House of Representatives. -
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun, the South’s recognized intellectual and political leader from the 1820s until his death in 1850, devoted much of his remarkable intellectual energy to defending slavery. He developed a two point defense, one was a political theory that the rights of minority section in particular the south needed special protecting the federal union. The second argument was an argument that presented slavery as an institution that benefited all involved -
Spoil System
This was invented when Andrew Jackson was elected president, and it was based on rotation in office and rewarding loyal supporters. It was basically the policy of removing political opponents from federal offices and replacing them with party loyalists. This had a negative effect because it was like favoritism. -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is american literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century. It grew as to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality. The two most famous transcendentalists are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. -
Mormons
The Mormon church grew rapidly, gained converts, and Smith set up Mormon communities in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. However, the Christian sect was also heavily criticized for its unorthodox practices, such as polygamy. These claims and the practice of polygamy caused the Mormons to be shunned. The Mormons were persecuted and so, they migrated west along the Oregon Trail. Led by Brigham Young, the Mormons moved to the western states. -
Free Black Communities
Some slaves bought their own freedom from their owners, but this process became more and more rare as the 1800's progressed. Some slaves were set free by their masters as the abolitionist movement grew. Unfortunately, Black's were not offered the same rights as white people. -
Indian removal act
This act was a law passed by president Andrew Jackson in 1830. It led to the eviction native Americans from their homelands in the southeast. Not only did it remove them from their homes, but it led to the "Trail of tears" -
Yeomen Farmers
Yeomen farmers who owned their own modest farm and worked it primarily with family labor remains the embodiment of the ideal American: honest, virtuous, hardworking, and independent. These same values made yeomen farmers central to the republican vision of the new nation -
Nathaniel Turner's Rebellion
In 1831, Nathaniel; also known as Nat, began to notice conflicts between whites and blacks.He believed he was chosen by God to rise and revolt against white slave owners. He then gathered more supporters and continued their wrath across the U.S. This even was known for being very tragic and bloodiest slave rebellion. -
Trail of tears
The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory. -
American Anti-Slavery
This event is also known as A.A.S. William Lloyd Garrison and a group of other abolitionist founded the American Anti- Slavery Society. These men provided local and state antislavery societies, with an organization that could take their cause to the national level. They hoped to convince both Southerners and Northerners of slavery’s inhumanity. They also went to the U.S Congress with petitions calling for the end of slavery -
Changes in Agriculture
The economic developments of this revolution brought many significant changes to the economy. It resulted in increased population and outstanding urbanization in the cities. People moved in from other areas in search of employment. Agricultural improvements were creating the iron plow. The iron plow helped accelerate the process in agriculture. -
Greek Revival
Greek revival homes were brought back became popular in the 18th-19th century. These type of architectures were mainly found in Northern Europe and United States. For example, the White House is in the Greek style. -
Davy Crockett
Davy Crockett was born in 1786, and died in 1836. He took part in the battle of the Alamo and was killed. He is remembered for being a 19th century american folk hero, frontiersman, and politician. -
Lowell Mills
Lowell mills was a production system created for labor to help those who wanted to be employed. It consisted of female-textile workers that wee usually young and single. They were allowed to live there as well. This event lasted roughly about 10 years. -
Oregon Trail
The Oregon trail stretched more than two hundred thousand miles that carried American settlers from the Midwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah. It was laid down by fur trappers and traders and could only be traveled by horseback. -
Underground railroad
This underground railroad was not really underground... NOR a railroad. Passages, secret routes, and places were created to help slaves escape plantations they were enslaved on. This railroad helped hundred thousands of slaves escape from bondage in the South. -
Election of 1844
Henry Clay was in the Whigs political party and they were upset over Van Buren and James Polk . Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state. Democratic candidate James K. Polk defeated Whig candidate Henry Clay with 170 electoral votes to Clay's 105. -
Annexation Of Texas
The republic of Texas asked become a part of the U.S, and so they agreed. Texas knew that Mexican leaders once told them that if they tried to become part of the states, they would declare war on them. Successfully, Texas became the 28th state of the United States on December 29, 1845. -
Manifest Destiny
It expressed the belief that it was Anglo Americans providential mission to expand their civilization and institutions across the breadth of North America. This expansion would involve not merely territorial but the progress of liberty and individual economic opportunity as well.It was. The term and the concept were taken up by those desiring to secure Oregon Territory, California, Mexican land in the Southwest -
Battle of Palo Alto
This battle was the first major battle of the Mexican-American war that was fought. The general for this battle was Zachary Taylor. They defeated the Mexican Force. -
Mexican American War
In 1845, the United States completed its annexation of Texas, which became the 28th state on December 29. This move led to a breakdown in diplomatic relations with Mexico. After the United States sent troops to a disputed border region around the Rio Grande River, the Mexican-American War broke out. The United States won the two-year battle, and as a result, Mexico relinquished its claims to Texas. It also recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern border. -
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush was the largest mass migration in American history since it brought about 300,000 people to California. It all started on January 24, 1848, when James W. Marshall found gold on his piece of land at Sutter's Mill in Coloma. The news of gold quickly spread around. This created large expansion to the western region. -
Zach Taylor
The central challenge facing Zachary Taylor as he took office was the sectional debate over slavery and its expansion into the country’s new western territories. The emergence of the antislavery Free Soil Party had intensified southerners’ fears that the abolitionist North would gain control of Congress, and they saw slavery’s extension in the West as the only way of maintaining a balance -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Law or Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. -
Compromise 1850
The south gained by the strengthening of the fugitive slave law, the north gained a new free state, California. Texas lost territory but was compensated with 10 million dollars to pay for its debt. Slave trade was prohibited in Washington DC, but slavery was not. The compromise prevented further territorial expansion of slavery while strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Election of 1852
In 1852, Franklin Pierce was elected to become the new president. It was the 17th quadrennial presidential election. It is important and very similar to the election of 1844. Pierce was a "whig" who had succeeded to presidency. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
An anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War". Harriet Beecher Stowe's inspiration for Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which made aiding or assisting runaway slaves a crime in free states. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Kansas- Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebrask Act was an 1854 bill that mandated popular sovereignty, allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders.The conflicts that arose between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the aftermath of the act’s passage led to the period of violence known as Bleeding Kansas, and helped paved the way for the American Civil War -
Lincoln ten percent plan
This event was apart of the reconstruction era after the civil war. This plan specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the union. All southerners except for higher positions Confederate army officers and government officials would be granted a full pardon. -
Women at war
During the Civil War, however, American women turned their attention to the world outside the home. Thousands of women in the North and South joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses to help injured soldiers. It was the first time in American history that women played a significant role in a war effort. This changed many perspectives over women. -
Period: to
Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
The emancipation proclamation was an act passed as an attempt to abolish slavery. The aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union. The Proclamation made freeing the slaves an explicit goal of the Union war effort. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee served as the legendary general of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. In June 1861, Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia, which he would lead for the rest of the war. Lee invaded the North, only to be defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg. With Confederate defeat, Lee continued on, battling Union General Ulysses S. Grant in a series of clashes in Virginia in 1864-65 before finally surrendering -
Carpetbaggers
In the history of the United States, a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War during the Reconstruction era. It is a political candidate that seeks election in an area where they have no local connections. -
Battle of Vicksburg
This was the most brilliant military campaigns of the civil war era. The union forces unfortunately defeated confederacy forces at Vicksburg. The victory game them control of the Mississippi River and it also split the confederate states in half. -
Gettysburg
President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. Lincoln’s 273-word address would be remembered as one of the most important speeches in American history. He said the principles of human equality in the Declaration of Independence and the sacrifices of the Civil War with the desire for “a new birth of freedom" -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Appomattox Courthouse
The confederate states (south) surrendered at the Appomattox courthouse. General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to General Ulysses S. Grant there as well. This effectively ended the civil war leaving them at peace. -
forty acres, and a mule
The Federal government’s failure to give land after the Civil War and the economic issues that African Americans suffered as a result. As Northern armies moved through the South at the end of the war, blacks began taking land left by whites. Rumors developed that land would be taken from Confederates.In 1863 President Lincoln ordered 20,000 acres of land taken in South Carolina sold to freedmen in 20 acre plots. Secretary of the Treasury Chase offered 40 acres per family -
13th amendment
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution officially abolished slavery in America, and was ratified in 1865, after the conclusion of the American Civil War. The president and other Republicans knew that the Emancipation Proclamation might be viewed as a short term war measure and not outlaw slavery once the Civil War ended, so they focused on having a constitutional amendment that would do so. It gave freedom to the people of the United States -
freedman's bureau
Established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. It also attempted to settle former slaves Confederate lands seized or abandoned during the war. However, the bureau was stopped from fully carrying out its programs due to a shortage of funds and personnel, along with the politics of race and Reconstruction. -
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
The KKK group was a group of white supremacist men that hated blacks or any other race outside of being white. It was known for being a "social club" for people. They would outrage and soon enough, constitutional conventions filled with important republican leaders, became victims of violence. -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment had been made to make any person who's born in the United States, a citizen no matter what background they carry. The Constitution states: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." It also states that any citizen born in the U.S may have their rights taken "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" -
Ulysses S. Grant
After the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant spent four years as head of the United States Army in peacetime. With his defeat of Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy, Grant was the most popular man in the country. As the Civil War ended Grant turned his attention to the Plains in the American West where there was numerous conflicts between white settlers, railroads, and Native American's that resulted in wars between the Natives and the U.S. military.
