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1428 BCE
The Aztecs
The Aztecs society developed quickly when it came to social topics, which was kept in check by the strict caste system. The Caste System began with nobles at the peak, ending with the serfs, indentured servants, and slaves. The Aztec religious faith could be compared to other Mesoamerican religions, through the aspect that the Aztecs performed Human Sacrifices. These sacrifices were intended to fulfil their people's extreme faith to the gods, such as Huitzilopochtli (god of war and of the sun). -
Period: 1428 BCE to
The Beginnings of Exploration
This is the beginning of history, where events began to be recorded ranging from the most recent beginning of human history, to the post-classical era. -
410
Rome - Fall of the Empire 410 C.E.
The Roman Empire fell in 410 C.E. because the Roman society was so obsessed with claiming and conquering land, that they forgot to leave a defense line in their original city, Rome. The Visigoth Army lead itself to glory when it tore down the walls to Rome and left a path of utter ashes wherever they may have tread. This was the first time the city of Rome had been breached, but this blow eventually weakened the city its knees with countless attacks to come. -
500
The Dark Ages - The Catholic Church
The Dark Ages were framed as a period where religion itself was a cluster of problems. Religion controlled both education and cultural elements of that era. This took effect following the final fall of the Rome. -
1466
The Renaissance - Leonardo Davinci
Leonardo DaVinci was one of the prime examples of what this era of the Renaissance was about. The spread and attempts of new ideas. He was an artist and inventor, and is still renowned to this day for his genius skill within the swab of his brush. -
1519
Conquest of the New World - Conquest of the Aztecs
The Aztec Empire was discovered by an explorer by the name of Hernan Cortez, who was believed to be a "God" to the Aztecs. As a result, the Aztecs gave Hernan gold, but sooner than later, Hernan got greedy and took Emporer Montezuma hostage as blackmail to get more gold out of the Aztecs. Eventually the weapons the Europeans who came with Hernan carried would be the undoing of the Aztecs, including disease as a final resort. -
English Colonization - 1st English Colonies
The first colonies of this time period had a strategy to make up for establishing their presence in the new world so late. This strategy involved pushing away Native Americans from the region. Their final risk was to establish the use of Joint Stock Companies, which allowed for colonies to be established as a companies, however were at their own risk of being attacked by other variables such as Native Americans. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
The point in History where European nations begin to populate the ticking-time bomb that would be known as present-day America. -
Chesapeake Colonies - Head-right system
The Chesapeake colonies were a series of English colonies involving Virginia, Jamestown, and Maryland. The headright system was used a means to get people to populate the colony, as the population was on the decline, along with the labor force. It promised the colonist who came to chesapeake, 50 acres to settle down. -
Colonial Economics - New England
New England's economy was based on fishing, and ship building. The colony traded in the Atlantic World, and were very tolerant with religion. The colony's economy was stable, as it was located near the Atlantic Ocean, thus a suitable way of life for the people. -
New England Colonies - Plymouth Colony
Puritans began the Plymouth colony. They were reformers and believed England and Holland to be too corrupt, hence why they came to the new world to create their own society. Children later became too Dutch in characteristics. These puritans were the individuals who came to be known as "pilgrims." -
Navigation Acts - Limiting of Foreign Trade
The Navigation Acts consisted of very strict limitations on Dutch trade with the English colonies. This also meant that goods had to be transported on English or Colonial American ships. -
Charter Colonies - New York
After Charles II controlled England again, after Oliver Cromwell, the monarchy was re-established. This meant now that Charles II was in power, colonization was resumed. New York was one of the final charter colonies to have been established. -
Proprietary Colonies - Pennsylvania
William Penn established Pennsylvania as a religious refuge for Quakers. The King owed a large debt to Penn, so this was when Penn was given land instead of currency to settle his debt. Pennsylvanie was later called "peaceable kingdom", thanks to its reputation. -
New France - Robert de la Salle
Robert de la Saille explored a chunk of the new world, ranging from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. As a result of this, De La Salle established New Orleans. Lastly, he named the Mississippi valley region based off of the King at the time, Lousiana. -
Salem Witch Trials - Causes/Results
The causes of the Salem Witch Trials first began whenever a group of young girls in Salem Village acted possessed and accused several women of the village of witch craft. This resulted in a major toll within the lives of women within the village, as those accused of witch craft were often executed or inprisoned. -
Virtual Representation - Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was already a modern term, but grew whenever it effected America. This blew up whenever Britain set up particular trade laws imposing the American colonies during the 17th century. -
The Enlightenment - John Locke
John Locke was one of the most brilliant minds throughout the first Enlightenment and was regarded best known for his defense of the idea that "Men are by nature, free." He is considered one of the most influential minds of the modern era. -
Act of Union - Changes in the Colonial Government
The Act of Union meant that Britain was now an Empire, and that parliament was head of this empire. Colonies still had local control, meaning that the federal system was with central authority and local governments. This local control would seed the future of the U.S.'s government structure. -
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was a system of trade used between Europe, Africa, and the America's. It was first used as a manner to profit off Europe off of goods such as weapons, silks, and cloths. This later led America to be introduced to slaves which would revolutionize the way the American economy grew. -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
The events occurring in this time period will influence the beginning of the American Revolution, allowing for colonists to find their own reasons for splitting from Britain and fighting for their freedom & independence. -
The Great Awakening - John Edwards
The first great awakening was a Protestant religious revival that swept British America and Protestant Europe. John Edwards was best known for his quote "People are like spiders hanging over a pit of damnation" in reference to this religious revival. This resulted with many individuals becoming to scared about being religious. -
Slavery - Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was inter-African. These slaves became a new source of labor for Europeans, resulting with the number of slaves increasing in the late 1600's. By the 1700's, Britain was the largest slave trading nation. -
The 7-Year War - Great Britain
The 7-Year War was a fight between Britain, France, and Spain for territory. Britain and the colonies desired more land west of the colonies present territory. Britain rolled out a new policy to defeat the french. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War - 1763 - 1783
This time period was the mark of the beginning of what we know today as the United States of America. This is the duration of the battles between Colonial America, and the British. -
The Boston Massacre - Paul Revere
The Boston Massacre was used as a means of propaganda to anger American colonist so that they would revolt against Britain. Paul Revere used this event as a fiction form of news, claiming that the British slaughtered colonist, introducing one of the first forms of present day "American Propaganda." -
The Boston Tea Party - Drunk "Indians"
The Boston Tea Party was caused by a ruckus of colonist who wanted to tease the British, and while drunk, thought of the idea to oppose the British's tax on tea by dressing up as Native Americans and throwing the British Tea overboard. -
First Continental Congress - Patrick Henry
The First Continental Congress was a meeting between 12 delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies. This meeting was used as a form to create a plan to oppose the coercive acts Britain placed on the colonies. Patrick Henry's famous quote was "Give me Liberty or give me Death!" -
Acts of Parliament - Prohibition Acts
The Prohibition Acts was the punishment to the American Colonies for rebelling Britain. Britain used a naval blockade to block the colonies' exports and imports, hence preventing trade for the colonies. -
Battles - Concorde
The Battle of Concorde was most known for Paul Revere's famous midnight ride. British Troops marched to Boston, to which in response, Paul Revere and several other riders rode as alarms, warning colonist that the British were on way the to battle. -
Common Sense - Thomas Paine
Common Sense was written by Thomas Paine to challenge the authority of British control over the colonies. This could be interpreted as America's first request, openly asking for independece from the Monarchy. -
Period: to
The Constitution
The consitution is the founding principal that establishes precedants according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. -
Massachusetts Constitution
The Massachusetts constitution was used as the model that the U.S. would use for the very great Constitution we have today. It is also one of the 50 individual state governments that make up the United states. -
Articles of Confederation - Problems
The Articles of Confederation were weak, as it did not force taxation, relied on requisitions, and resulted in states not complying with the articles. This resulted with lack of control of the nation for the government, and an increasing debt. -
Problems with the British - Forts
After the American Revolution, the British refused to surrender the forts left in the colonies because America had yet to return the debts that they had promised the loyalist who resided within the colonies. This meant that America had not lived up to its terms in the Treaty of Paris (1783). -
Treaty of Paris - 1783
The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution and declared the independence of America from Britain. The Continental Congress used 5 of their members to negotiate this treaty: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was caused by the post-war recession, which left war veterans broke and angered because their farms would be confiscated by the government. Daniel Shay used this to his advantage and led these war veterans against the government. -
Constitutional Convention - Two Plans
The Constitutional convention was formed to find a fitting structure of government that would allow for the nation to fix itself in this post-war phase. Two plans were introduced, the New Jersey plan, which would be a modified AOC, mainly used for small states, with a single judiciary and single legislature. However, the second plan focused on large states, being the Virginia Plan, & population based on a two-house legislature. In the end, these two came together to form the Connecticut Plan -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was created as a method to allow states to join the United States of America. -
Constitutional Convention - The Great Debate
The Great Debate was a series of protests and debates relating to how the U.S. should be governed. Federalist supported the constitution with an all powerful central government, whilst Anti-Federalist supported less government and heavily prefered states rights, along with supporting the Bill of Rights. -
Period: to
New Republic
This is the beginning of the United States of America, the moment when everything is set in place for future politics to take hold and make of it what it shall. -
Two Competing Forms of Government - Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was a founding father who supported the Bill of rights, along with the rest of the Anti-Federalist. He was all for state governments, along with a weak central powered government. His views of the future were those that the farmers were the U.S.'s future. -
Two Competing Forms of Government - Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was a Federalist and who was all for a strong central government and favored the rich as the future of the nation. Hamilton had a strong influence over Washington as he was his Secretary of Treasury. -
Election of 1788 - George Washington - First Cabinet
George Washington's victory in the election of 1788 allowed for him to create something that would impact the presidency of other presidents, even now in the present. George Washington adopted the Cabinet system so that he would be organized rather than over-piled by work. This allows for other individuals to take stress off the president. -
Whiskey Rebellion - First National Test of the Constitution
The Whiskey Rebellion used Shay's Rebellion as an icon to oppose the government for posing a tax on Whiskey. The individuals who took part in the Whiskey Rebellion were farmers from Pennsylvania and Kentucky. As the farmers kept rioting, the government was able to use the constitution to calm the storm, and Washington sent out troops to quarrel the farmers. This proved the Constitution to be strong. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was backed by the Federalist as a form of maintaining natural born human rights for colonial citizens. The Bill of Rights declared the first 10 amendments. -
Election of 1796 - George Washington's Farewell Address
During the election of 1796, George Washington decided rather than running for more presidencies, he settled for the two. This set an example for future presidents to come, and soon, set as a standard. Washington spoke about wanting the U.S. to avoid permanent alliances with other countries, as well as wanting the U.S. to avoid conflicts because the nation was still young. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson
This time period was heavily influenced by Thomas Jefferson, and would still continue, even when he is out of office. -
The Jefferson Administration -Louisiana Purchase
Once the Jefferson Administration Bought the Louisiana Purchase off of France, the nation was in appall. This is because he was a believer of limited power in government, thus, the people of The United States viewed him as a hypocrit. -
Hamilton Vs. Burr - Loss of Federalist Ideas
Just like every duel, Hamilton and Burr's duel had to come with a victor. Hamilton purposely missed in hopes of making up with Burr, but out of anger, Burr did not think about missing, mortally wounding Hamilton, leading his death head on. The Loss of Alexander Hamilton meant the Federalist lost their leader, which slowly crippled the party's views, eventually leading them to disband. -
Madison Presidency - Embargo Act
James Madison inherited the effects of the embargo act as Thomas Jefferson left office. The embargo act led America to war because of the Embargo act, as it angered Britain. This meant that Britain will continue to give guns to Natives, leading the U.S. to eventually declare war against Britain. -
Madison Presidency - Impressment
As a result of the Embargo act which restricted trade with Britain and France, Britain punished America by abducting sailors from ships and forcing them into the British military. This will be another cause leading America into the war of 1812. -
American Industrial Revolution - Cotton Gin
Whilst Slavery was on the decline before the invention of the cotton gin, the cotton gin prevented this decline as it increased production of cotton. This meant that more slaves were needed to help keep this production at an all-time high, thus increasing the demand for slaves to work on plantations. -
Growing Cities - Crime
As cities began to grow thanks to industrialization and technological advancements, crime was at the brim as well. There were racial tensions, specifically white mobs angered at African Americans. Political discourse, mainly Whigs, and Democrats, as well as religious conflicts between Protestant and Catholic civilians. These would all lead to the beginning of a police force. -
Period: to
American Industrial Revolution
In this time period, technological advances are made, whether it is for the better, or for the worse. -
Immigration - Foreign
As America became an economic seed meant to prosper, many individuals across the globe came for a better future. The main reasons behind this were that the Irish had a potato famine so their economy crashed. The Germans had a poor harvest and were in political turmoil. Scandanavians & British came for economic opportunities. These foreign immigrants were the seeds America to becoming a very diverse nation. -
Panic of 1819
This was the economic boom after the war 0f 1812. The second bank of the United States fueled speculation about economic expansion. However, agricultural prices stooped in 1819, following banks failing. -
Free-Black Communities
While slaves were still in existence in the South, the Northern African American population also faced segregation. This issue was the largest in the North and Midwest. These Free black communities faced discrimination and prejudice due to their race. These blacks competed for jobs with immigrants, which meant that additional hostilites rose along with additional prejudice. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was meant to abstain people from alcohol. Alcohol consumption was at an all-time high, meaning that people drank all day. This movement dramatically reduced alcohol consumption throughout the movement. Some states went as far as to even banning alcohol for a time. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
Cultural changes are made amongst men, and allow for a more diverse country. -
Missouri Crisis - Missouri Compromise
This compromise was a short-term fix to the Missouri Crisis and added the 36* 30* latitude line. Any state above (North) this line was considered a free state, whilst states under (South) were considered slave states. However, this did not solve the balance between free and slave states, which would be another reason to commence the Civil War. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
This time period is heavily based off Andrew Jackson, and his ideals over politics which will either anger or benefit politicians. -
Age of the Common Man - Voting Changes
As new nominee's rise to the presidency of 1824, the majority of the vote is depended on one single portion of the population: the common man. This meant that the candidates had to target to vote of the common man if they were truly expecting to win the election of 1824, -
The Election of 1824 - Andrew Jackson
During the Election of 1824, one of the leading candidates for the election was Andrew Jackson, and John Q. Adams. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. However, John Adams would come to win the electoral vote, leaving Jackson angry and bitter due to a corrupt bargain. -
Southern Society - Planters
Most Southern citizens were farmers. They became known as Planters. However, compared to southern stereotypes, most of these 'Planters' did not own slaves. If they did, it was primarily around the 1-9 ratio. Very few planters had more slaves than this. Planters were the peak of success in the south, as they were the ruling class. -
Millenialism - Mormons
Millennialism was the belief that Millenium and Christ were coming for judgment day. Mormons were part of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Joseph Smith claimed to have found gold tablets in 1823. They were inscribed in an ancient language.They claimed Native Americans were one of the lost tribes of Isreal. The religion appealed to farmers and traders, people who could not survive in the economy. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams - American System
During the Adams presidency, Adams created tariffs onto the industry, as well as wanting to create a new National Bank. However, the Adams presidency did have some positive aspects, such as internal improvements like canals and roads. Created a new national university, and national observatory. -
Revivalism
During Revivalism, the market revolution was terrible. This led Charles Finney to believe in free will. He was direct towards preaching and was a new print. He was often called the father of revivalism. -
Slavery - Runaways
During this time period where the cotton gin had made an outburst for the demand of slaves to increase, this meant that with more slaves, there was a higher chance of rebellion from the slaves themselves. Many of the southern slaves fled to the North, some made it all the way, whereareas other slaves would simply hide on Indian Territory, or even resort to hiding in swamps for the rest of their lives. -
Election of 1828 - Campaign
During the election of 1828, Andrew Jackson had a new strategy of promoting his humble origins to the common man, along with his military career. This meant that the majority vote was sure to ensue to his expectations: Becoming president. -
The Second Great Awakening - Prisons
Just like with every great awakening, came innovation. Prisons developed at a fast pace. Penitentiaries were created to keep prisoners isolated. One of these well-known penitentiaries was Eastern State Penitentiary, in Pennsylvania. The prison forced inmates to think about their past actions. Along with this, the policemen were always monitoring inmates. -
Slavery - Abolitionist
The issue of slavery was increasing in tensions between the North and the South. Abolitionist came into existence, beginning with gradualism. Gradualism was gradually freeing slaves and sending them to Africa. This was never a popular option for African Americans -
Nature - Creation of Parks
During this era, parks were a new idea to society. They allowed for civilians to escape everyday life and enjoy the beauty of nature, whilst still being near home. It was a true getaway from fast-paced life. Cemetaries would follow the design of parks, which would then be known as the rural cemetery movement. -
Slavery - Nat Turner's Rebellion
With the increasing tensions between the North and South, an outburst struck in the South that would be viewed as a martyr in the North. Nat Turner coordinated a plan with other slaves that meant overthrowing and slaughtering their masters. This rebellion was the largest slave rebellion, although it indeed did fail. The results of this rebellion were the deaths of 55 white people (including kids), outlawing the preaching of slaves, and the introduction to assaults on whites as a public offense. -
Jackson Administration - Nullification Crisis
During Jackson's presidency, came the Nullification Crisis. Congress raised the taxes on imports. This was thanks to the tariff act of 1832, meaning textiles, and southern agriculture were hit heavily, as they lost more profit since they relied on shipping out a product such as cotton. The South Carolina convention is called, ending the crisis. Congress will then scale back tariffs. -
Election of 1832 - Andrew Jackson
The nominee for the Democratic Party was Andrew Jackson. During this election, Jackson's rival, Henry Clay, believes that the Bank of the United States is the key to hurting Jackson's chances at winning the election. Jackson fell into Clay's trap and vetoed the Bank's renewal. After much controversy, Andrew Jackson gave the Bank Veto Speech and explained why he vetoed. He laid out a vision for American democracy, and appealed to the common man, hence gaining the major vote in the election. -
Election of 1836 - Martin Van Buren (Ruin)
Martin Van Buren (Old Man Kinderhook) runs for office. He barely won the election against the Whig Party. Coming with his presidency, also came an inheritance of a bad economy. This led to the Panic of 1837. -
Manifest Destiny - Mormon Trail
The Mormon trail was a result of Mormons being attacked by other civilians for their religion, eventually leading to the killing of Joseph Smith by an angry mob in prison. Brigham Young was the leader who decided the Mormon religion was to cross west and relocated away from the federal government, where they could be safe. Started performing palygomy as well. -
Manifest Destiny - Texas - Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin took over his father's business as he got older. This meant that he would be selling deeds off to American colonist who crossed into Texas with intentions of settling in. Stephen F. Austin's deeds were very important to Manifest Destiny, because without the American Colonist inhabiting Texas, there would never have been a revolt, thus Texas would have never became a state. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
Westward expansion is the continuation of Manifest Destiny, and the goal to establish the United States as an ocean to ocean (Continental) nation. -
The Western Frontier - Native Americans
Manifest Destiny meant that America would eventually have to cross west. This meant that they were more likely to encounter Native Americans. However, despite not exhibiting many violent attacks, the settlers were still afraid of being attacked by the Native Americans as they settled the land. It was rare for a Native American attack to occur. The Whig party will also defend Native Americans. -
Manifest Destiny - Great Migration - Oregon
Manifest Destiny was the notion of the United States being a continental nation. Oregon flocked to the west, seeing an applicable future in sight. The Great Migration was an overland trail. It typically took 5-6 months to cross completely. -
Manifest Destiny - Texas - Sam Houston
As tensions increased between the American colonist and the Mexican government, they anger eventually blew into a complete catastrophe, causing the colonist inhabiting Texas and Mexicans to go to war. This would be known as the Texas Revolution. After Americans won the war, the question still remained if the U.S. was to admit Texas as a state. The first attempt was declined, as the U.S. was going through a recession. However, on the second attempt, Polk's goal was to admit Texas into the Union. -
Manifest Destiny - Mexican-American War
The Mexican - American War was a result of Mexico and the United States disputing over what exactly the border of Texas was. This meant that Mexicans were crossing into Texas territory believing that it was their land, which angered the American Government. Zachary Taylor was dispatched to the disputed territory, and claimed that he was attacked. After this, President Polk asked congress for a declaration of war, which resulted in the war beginning. The U.S. also gained California as a result. -
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Sectionalism
This time period focused on differences, and separated the United States due to different views of each other, making one side more different than the other. -
California Gold Rush - Mass Migration
As soon as gold was discovered within the riverbanks of California, many settlers began to pack their belongings to go flock the state. Thousands of settlers migrated west. By 1849, 14 thousand settlers inhabited the state (100 thousand by the end of 1849). The goal of the settlers was to make it rich. -
Suffrage - Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention took place in 1848, upstate New York. It was led by Elizabth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. More than 300 men and women took part in the convention. As a result, the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was founded, securing rights in economies and voting. The media was mostly negative about the convention, however the convention itself was a cornerstone for society. -
Slavery - Election of 1848
During the election, Texas came back into the debate of whether or not it should be admitted into the Union as a state, and as a result, James K. Polk made it his campaign platform to promise to America to complete Manifest Destiny. However, one part of the slavery was that the Liberty Party heavily opposed it, so this would be the real question if Texas was to enter as a slave state, or as a free state. This would throw off the balance of states. -
Slavery - Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was made up of 5 separate bills.
- California would enter the Union as a free state.
- New Mexico & Utah would be able to decide on slave or free state.
- Texas relinquishes disputed western lands.
- The Federal Government would take over Texas' debt.
- Slave trade banned in Washington D.C.
- Fugitive Slave Act - Required the return of runaway slaves.
This meant that Abolitionist increased in the North, as this Slave act angered more individuals about slavery's existence. -
Election of 1852 - Polarization
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) won the election of 1852. He was a member of Young America. Northerners opposed southern expansion due to slavery. Southerners opposed northern expansion due to potential outlawing of slavery. -
Slavery - Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas was a result of Abolitionist financing the settlement of Kansas. Because of this enigma, Pro-slavery interests recruited illegal voters in Kansas Elections. This would establish a pro-slave government. However, anti-slavery settlers would establish their own anti-slavery government within the state. Congress debated the issue. As a result of this debate, Charles Sumner claimed "Crime against Kansas" speech. Due to this, Sumner was caned by preston Brooks in front of congress. -
Nativism - Know-nothings (The American Party)
The Know-Nothing party was a secret organization against immigration. It solely wanted to restrict immigrants from access into the United States. This party will disappear by 1860. However, the stereotypical racism present in this party will continue to live on through other individuals throughout this time period, and even effect us today. -
Election of 1860 - Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the Republic nominee for the election. He had moderate views on slavery and very few political enemies. Lincoln won due to the diversity of the Democrats separating the Democrat vote, thus dividing who's vote went where within the party. -
Confederate America - Fort Sumter
As a result of the election, the south would break off into its own nation and name itself "Confederate America." The South took control of Fort Sumter. Lincoln told the Fort that ships were coming in to resupply the fort. The South needed to make a show of force and needed to attack the ship before it arrived. The South ordered the Union garrison to surrender. The P.G.T Beauregard assaulted Fort Sumter with artillery when ignored by Union. Lincoln declared the South in a state of insurrection. -
North - Industrialization
The North had 110,000 factories, a $1.5 Billion industry, with 97% of weapons manufacturing based here. They also had 94% of clothing production in the North, as well as 90% of shoes and boots, giving the North the industrial upper hand against the South. -
South - Military Leadership
Compared to the major economic power of the North, the South was little to nothing in comparison. However, the major advantage that the South had against the North, and would lead the war to last longer, was the strong leaders that the South held in its ranks. The south had a great history of competent military leaders. They compared themselves to American colonist fighting for their freedom from Britain. Ironically, the South had hoped to gain Britain as its ally during the war. -
Neutral States - Missouri
During the war, Lincoln would make sure he appeased the needs of neutral states so that they would not join the South, and increase the South's chances at winning exponentially. This meant that states like Missouri would recieve a pampered treatment, meaning that they would be able to keep their slaves as long as they remain loyal to the Union. -
Armies - Army of the Potomac
George McClellan led the Army of the Potomac. This army was one of the North's main armies used to fight for throughout the duration of the Civil War. This was one of the most popular army brigades of the North, considering that it was covered a lot throughout the media of the war (newspapers, etc.). -
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The Civil War
The Civil War was the fight between the North and South, for whether the south should gain its independence, or if it should lose and lose its slaves with it. -
Slaves - Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was used by Lincoln, declaring that slaves would be free unless the rebellion (South) ended by January 1st, 1863. However, the South believed the North was bluffing, and immediately declined the offer, thus the freeing of slaves. This proclamation also prevente Britain from entering the war on the South end, as Britain too was against slavery. -
Women at Work - Clara Barton
Clara Barton was a nurse during the war, and one of the first women who lept at the chance to participate in the war itself by rushing to wounded soldiers. Due to Clara Barton's popularity throughout the war, she was noticed by the government and given permission to open the Red Cross, which allowed for her and other women on both sides to help and aid their soldiers at their own risk, wherever they were able to reach. -
The War - Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was the most important and bloodiest battle of the war. It was the turning point in the war that favored the Union. Gettysburg was a 3-day battle (July 1, 2, 3). The first day, Confederate forces advanced on the Union position. On the second day, both sides went back and forth in warfare. On the third and last day, the Union led a devastating charge up the center by confederates, forcing General Lee to retreat back to the south, losing 1/3 of his forces. -
Reconstruction Plans - Lincoln's 10% Plan
After the war, Abraham Lincoln expected there would be a large division of society, so to prepare, he would create the 10% plan. This plan was also known as the Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan of 1863. The plan itself would pardon all southerners, except for officers and officials of the confederacy. These individuals would take an oath, pleding allegiance to the Union, and the Confederate states would be forced to apply for federal recognition and form new state governments. -
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Reconstruction
This time period focused on rebuilding the United States back to the stronghold it was before the Civil War. -
Former Slaves - Free Amendments
The Free Slave Amendments were established to give free slaves an equal opportunity to prosper. However, this angered several whites in the south, as they still viewed themselves as always superior to the black population. The 13th amendment was the first to be placed, which abolished slavery. The 14th defined citizens as born in the U.S. and entitled equal protection of the law. Ex-Confederates were stripped of office, as they denied revoking Black rights. The 15th allowed black (men) to vote. -
Former Slaves - Freedman's Bureau
The Freedman's Bureau was created to protect the newly-freed slaves of the civil war. The slaves relied on the company for protection from angered southerners, as well as financial guidance. It offered Food, schools, confiscated lands & offered emergency services. It was a main institution for reconstruction and its policy. -
Former Slaves - White Resistance
Many whites resented the new found freedom of slaves. They despised it so much, they went as far as to creating hate groups such as the White Brotherhood and the KKK. These organizations made poor whites feel like they weren't the bottom of the social ladder. They punished blacks and other whites supporting this new-found freedom, for challenging the social order. -
Andrew Johnson Administration - Impeachment Proceedings
Andrew Johnson was viewed to be a blatant racist, who opposed secession and promoted lenient policies for readmission of Confederate states. As a result, Johnson was impeached by Congress. This was the first time in American History where a president was impeached. However, he did have less than a year left in office, so it did not affect him very much. -
Grant Administration - Election of 1868
Ulysses S. Grant was the nominee for the Republican party in the election of 1868. He was peaceful and moderate when it came to his views in politics. In order to win the election, he aligned himself with radical republicans, as well as being a symbol of Union victory during the Civil War. Thus, with the recently ended war, he was the logical candidate for the presidency. -
Election of 1876 - Issues
During the election of 1876, Samuel Tilden (Democrat), & Rutherford Hayes (Republican) were the runner-ups for the election. Some controversial issues revolving the election involved corruption, reconstruction, and the economy. The popular vote went to Tilden, however, the electoral votes were unclear. This meant that the election went to the supreme court, and Hayes would become president as long as he agreed to end reconstruction. This resulted in a technical long-term win for the south.
