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1500
Spirituality
This was the belief of the natives. They explained all natural phenomenons with myths and legends and they had many beliefs that differ from modern day religion. They also believed in dreamcatchers to capture the good dreams and keep nightmares out -
1500
Shamanism
The natives also believed in shamans, shamans were people who sought to heal other's with medicinal plants and herbs. All cures were made naturally and the shaman was like a witch doctor, they believed the shaman used a sort of magic to heal people. -
1500
Animism
Animism was yet another belief of the natives, this drove them to believe that everything that was alive has a soul and that animals and nature should be respected as people are. -
Period: 1500 to
Culture and Currents of Thought
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1505
Oral Tradition and Trading
The natives had no way of writing down any of their stories or important information so all of their myths and history is spoken orally from generation to generation by the head of the house. The natives also had trading routes for trading with other native villages and tribes. -
1550
Interactions between the Natives and French
Many native settlements began to trade with the french in mutual benefit so that the french can survive the winter and so that the natives can technologically advance. Another interaction between these two cultures would be conversion or evangelization many priests would live with natives in attempt to convert them to catholicism. -
Divine Right of Kings
This right made King Louis XIV virtually above god in his mind because the right made him the absolute ruler. This right was firstly established to get rid of the mercantilism policies and to establish a government in New France. -
Catholic Church
The catholic church ran everything in New France, everyone was forced to go to church on Sundays and they were made pay dues. They also dominated kids lives be reinforcing religion in schools which the catholic church ran. The church also ran hospitals, government and charities. -
Abolishment of Mercantilism
During the first years after the colonization of the colony mercantilism was established and the company of 100 associates was sent to New France and they basically governed it until their recall in 1664 and the start of the royal government and the implementation of the minister of marine. The minister of marine would be the highest up power of the colony under the king and he would send people to the colonies to report. -
Colonial Life
Life in the colony was very difficult although better for some than their lives back in France. The daily life included lots of physical labor and a constant duty towards the church and the seigneurs. In New France you were not defined by your salary everyone was closely woven so that they could survive the hard winters. -
Social Classes in New France
After going over to the colony from France social classes still existed based on your salary but everyone had to form a community to thrive in the harsh wilds. There were rich middle and poor as usual but they all attended the same church and had to trade for goods. -
Liberalism
Liberalism is basically the ability of complete freedom for citizens and they ability to govern their own lives with complete control, the government has no place in everyday life. This is the basis of the current Canadian society. -
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is the belief that the church should run the government and should have an immense role in everyday life. This was when you wanted to give all authority over to the current pope. -
Anticlericalism
Anticlericalism was a belief donned by those who wanted to completely remove the church and all clerical figures from their involvement in the government, schools and hospitals. -
Imperialism
This belief was that of loyalty to your mother country in this case Canada to Britain. A lot of the time people wanted all power to go to the mother country. This was reinforced by many loyalists and several news papers but most of the french were against it. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is essentially a current of thought that money is the most important resource. It reinforces the development of many new smaller businesses and non-government owned businesses it puts the development of the economy above all else. -
Nationalism
Nationalism is contrary to imperialism, nationalism is when you are faithful to your country not you mother country. Those who are French nationalists are loyal to Quebec and not their country whereas the English are nationalist towards Canada -
Feminism (pre-wars)
Feminism before the World wars was a very small movement almost non-existent because men ruled the world. It was very difficult to be a woman pre wars because men believed that women were only good for staying at home doing chores and taking care of the kids. The only way women learnt to write was if you were rich and hired a private tutor. -
Influence of Catholicism (20th)
By the start of the 20th century the church's influence was still huge on society but not as enforced as precedent years. By this time many offshoots of Christianity have taken root such as protestant. although with the uprise of newer religions and offshoots the catholic church still ran many schools, hospitals and charities. -
Cooperatism
Contrary to fascism cooperatism is the current of thought in which many different individuals or groups believe in peace and liberation. For example an example of cooperatism is a workplace union. -
Americanism
America being the extremely influential country that it is impacted many other countries with it's culture but being it's next door neighbor impacted Canada the most. Canadian culture began to change to reflect that of the Americans through their music, food and clothes. The church was not fond of these influences and tried to counteract them. -
Fascism
Fascism is the idea that one individual,race or group will have absolute power over all others and is superior to all others. In the case of Adolf Hitler he believed Germans were above all others especially Jews and homosexuals. Freedom of thought and speech is also often removed by the dictator . -
Feminism (Post WW2)
After both world wars especially WW2 being a woman became much better as the feminist movement grew and got more supporters. Men and the soldiers that were away at war also realized how independent women were after they took over the men's jobs while they were at war. There were more and more pushes and advocates for women's rights after seeing their potential. They gained their right to vote in provincial elections after the first world war (1918). -
Secularism
This is when Quebec mainly removed the church from the majority of it's important institutions such as schools, hospitals and the government. -
Neo Liberalism
During the 1980s a new form of liberalism emerged, Neo-Liberalism. This again stood for less involvement from the Canadian government including the cutback of financial aid and social support. The government became more and more "hands-off". This happened by getting rid of certain grants within the government. -
Aboriginalism
This was when many people of aboriginal culture demanded more rights and began to protest for their land. They wanted to go back to their native roots instead of living in their reserves living like their European counterparts. There was a huge showdown outside a native reserve for 78 days, the army was involved and the conflict was only solved when the natives came to an agreement with the Canadian government.
