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1500
Spirituality
The aboriginals were very spiritual. They believed in many things. Such as Dreamcatchers which caught and took away the evil and bad in your dreams. There was also a shaman. The Shaman was a person who interpreted dreams. Also what came with spirituality were myths and legends which were how stories were passed through generations -
1500
Respect for Nature
The aboriginals believed in the circle of life. Swell as animism. Animism is when they believe that all living things have souls and that everything in nature is equal. -
1500
Communication and Exchange
Stories and Traditions are passed only many different ways for the aboriginals. Such as Oral traditions, Songs and dance and ceremonies. -
1500
Social Relationships
The Aboriginals really respected their elders because they were the ones with all of the knowledge and wisdom. They carried on traditions and there were no written laws and no private property. Complete freedom of actions. -
French Regime: Divine right of Kings
The king had absolute power during the french Regime. King Louis 14th was gaining control in Europe but his colony of New France was still suffering, its economy and population was not developing and it was dealing with constant Iroquois attacks. They brought in soldiers. For the political situation. The companies who help a monopoly were now under the Minister of Marine: Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He and Louis decided to implement Royal Government in 1663. -
French Regime: Catholicism
-Catholicism on culture was very Powerful. You did what the church wanted or you were excommunicated. The Clergy was everywhere, Priests in charge of parishes, Priests working as missionaries, Nuns working in hospitals, Nuns working in schools, Potential priests were trained in a seminary. Only the brightest of boys were sent there, Money to make all this happen came from the church tax called the tithe. Religion was the most important thing in most peoples lives. -
The independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens
Settlershad happy lives but it was work. There was work to be done everyday; Caring for crops, making clothes, fixing tools, preparing for winter. Because New France was not really developing settlers became self-dependent. Life differed from France, where you had the very rich and massive numbers of poor/starving people. In New France the people were very autonomous and by 1760 grew to become a distinct set of people called Canadien (13 colonies are becoming Americans). -
British Regime: Liberalism
A political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights andcivil liberties. Diffusion of liberal ideas by means of newspapers, Development of parliamentarism. -
British Regime: Ultramontanism
The policy of the party in the Roman Catholic Church that favors increasing and enhancing the power andauthority of the pope.
Advocating of absolute obedience to the Catholic religion. Church seeks to increase and extend its influence in all spheres of life. Social, political, cultural, etc... -
British Regime: Anticlericalism
Opposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs. In opposition to ultramontanism. Advocating of the separation of church and state. What we have today Promotion of a more democratic regime. -
British Regime: Imperialism
The policy of extending a countries power and influence through diplomacy and military force ruled by an emperor. Architectural influence. Parliamentary political organisation. -
The Government
It was a Constitutional Monarchy. Parliamentary Democracy therefor laws must be passed through the parliament, whose members are elected. There are 3 levels of Government: Federal, Provincial, Municipal, each level has three types of functions. Executive makes decisions about administration, power held by cabinet. Legislative makes or amends laws, and imposes taxes. Power held by the House of Commons. Judicial ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet for life. -
Contemporary Period: Imperialism
The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies. Spread of the British ideas (imperialists) in newspapers and stories. Founding of the newspaper Le Devoir to protest against imperialism. -
Contemporary Period: Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Diffusion of capitalist ideas through the mainstream press owned by businessmen. -
Contemporary Period: Nationalism
Devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations. Britain exercised imperialism by controlling a vast number of colonies all over the world. Along with the other world super powers they built massive empires. Britain expected its colonies to obey and follow it’s commands, this wasn’t always the case. French Canadians did not want to support Britain.English Canadian liked the English way and wanted to support Britain but wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Contemporary Period: Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Questioning the spread of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. -
Contemporary Period: Agriculturism
Push to support farmers/farming. Valorisation of rural, community and parish life in novels (Un homme et son péché, Maria Chapdeleine, Le Survenant, Menaud, Maître Draveur, etc.) Creation of community groups such as Le Cercle des fermières and spread of their ideas in a magazine. -
Contemporary Period: Laicism
The nonclerical, or secular control of political and social institutions in a society. The Church had so much control and power over everthing. Such as Education, Hospitals and more. With Laicism, they wanted to eliminate that control of religion over everything. -
Contemporary Period: Cooperatism
Birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration (American Unions like the Knights of Labor, the Caisses populaires, Catholic Union of Cultivators). -
Contemporary Period: Fascism
The idea that a dictator (single person) should control the entire country. They normally rule threw the use of propaganda/force. This was adopted in Spain and Italy, but brought to an extreme in Germany by the Nazi’s lead by Adolf Hitler. -
Contemporary Period: Feminism
Denonciation of the role of the Church in the oppression of women and of inequality with men. Claim for the same rights as men. Women had a hard life, married young, produced many children over 10 was the norm. Women were forced to do as their husbands commanded. They had long days of work, both at home and some in factories they had few rights, little education. -
Contemporary Period: Neoliberalism
New wave of liberalism…hands off government. Advocating the removal of the state in various spheres of society. Active opposition to socialist groups wanting to maintain intervention of the state. -
Contemporary Period: Aboriginalism
Claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture (writings, language, music, éducation, etc). They were afraid of their culture being taken over and forgotten. -
Contemporary Period: Americanism
Emergence of American cultural trends: dance, music and the spread of American culture through films, radio and télévision.
To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditional Catholic culture through music, media and education.
Influence of American culture through the media. -
Contemporary Period: Native Issues
In the summer of 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained.The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues.
