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Oct 26, 1500
First Occupants
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Oct 27, 1500
Spirituality
They believed in:
-Shamanism: is a priest/medicine man. They learnt what herbs and berries were good to heal.
-They orally spread their myths and legends.
-Dreamcatchers that would catch their bad dreams.
-Animalism: respect nature and they take what they need to survive. Everything has souls. -
Oct 28, 1500
Social Relationships
The Natives respected their elders. They followed all their traditions. They also had a freedom of actions because there were no written laws and no private property. -
Oct 28, 1500
Nature
The Natives believed in animalism which means they respected all nature and living beings. They believed every living thing had a soul. Their society was based on the circle of life. -
Oct 28, 1500
Communication and Exchange
Their stories and lessons were orally exchanged. They celebrated in song and dance. They had very many ceremonies. -
French Regime
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The Divine Rights of the King
The Divine Rights of the King meant that the King had absolute power over his country and his colonies. King Louis the 14th's colony New France was not developing its economy or population because they were dealing with the constant attacks of the Iroquois population. -
King Louis the 14th
With all these Iroquois attacks on his colony the King had to act.
-Around 1200 well trained soldiers were dispatched.
-The King ended the 100 Associates and he implemented the Royal Government in 1663
The had control over the Church and he had control over cultural events -
Catholicism
The influence of the Catholic religion on their culture. They were very powerful and if you did not follow what they enforced you were excommunicated. Excommunicated meant you were thrown out of the church and you therefore couldn't trade or do business with anyone else that was part of the church or else they would be excommunicated too. You could also be kicked off your land. -
Religion in New France Continued
The church played a huge role in defining morally acceptable behaviour, they came up with the rules that everyone needed to follow. The church would spread its beliefs through schools, when kids were at a young age. The artistic productions were based on religion, they always had to have an aspects of religion. -
Religion in New France
-The clergy was everywhere, they are known as the biggest land owners in the world
-The priest was in charge of all parishes (churches)
-Priest worked as missionaries, people who were sent to convert the Natives
-Nuns worked in hospitals and in schools because the Church wanted to be in charge of teaching children at a young age all of their beliefs
-The brightest boys were sent to a seminary to learn how to be a priest
-Money that made all of this happen was a church tax called the tithe -
Life in New France
The settlers lived happy lives but it was always hard work. They did all their agriculture in the summer to prepare for winter. The settlers became self-dependent, they did all the work in order to survive. Life was different in New France because in France there were few wealthy people and a massive amounts of poor people. -
The Social Structure in New France
The highest group were the Nobility and the Elite, which consisted of the Governor. Their riches were passed down from the families, it's inherited. The middle class and the Bourgeoisie, which consisted of the Seigneurs. These people worked for their money, they earned their riches by making their own companies for example. The lowest class was the peasants and the habitants. These people were poor, farmers and or labourers. -
British Regime
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Liberalism
Is the political or social philosophy that gives an individual, a government or an institution the right to believe freely what they want. The diffusion of liberal ideas happened by newspapers. There was also the idea of liberalism in architecture. -
Ultramontanism
The policy from people in the Roman Catholic Church believed there should be increasing and enhancing power and authority of the pope. There was also advocating the absolute obedience of the Catholic religion. The Church wants to increase and extend its influence in social, political and cultural life. -
Anticlericalism
The opposition of the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs. They believed that the church should not have power over anything other than beliefs in church. Anticlericalism is the opposite of ultramontanism. They wanted the church and state separate thus never letting the church and politics or education or health mix. -
Imperialism
The policy that extends the rule or authority of an empire or a nation over foreign countries. The loyalty to the mother country, for example the loyalists were loyal to the British Empire. -
Functions of the Government
We have a constitutional monarchy, today the Queen and the Governor General only have symbolic power in Canada. No one was able to change the constitution unless it went through the Queen but it was changed and Canada is finally a completely free country. There is also parliamentary democracy which means that the laws must be passed through the parliament. (With members who are elected) Have the majority of seats is important because then the laws will always pass. -
Government Continued
There are three levels of Government: Federal (Canada), Provincial (Quebec), Municipal (local city). Each level has three functions:
Executive: Makes decisions about the administration, the power is held by the cabinet (federal)
Legislative: Makes or amends laws, and imposes taxes. Power is held by the House of Commons (federal)
Judicial: Ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet for life (federal) -
Contemporary Period
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Socialism
A system that a social organization advocates the productions and distribution of capital and land in the community as a whole. The community decided what is good for the community as a whole. -
Capitalism
An economic system in which a business is solely run by one group of people. They were middle class workers who would get money from their company and build their house and headquarters in order to expand the business. Private property started with capitalism because poor people only rented land, they never owned it. Until people started building their own houses they became the private owners. It favoured the rich. -
Agriculturism
Pushes to support farming and the farmers. It encourages farm life. It mostly happened under Duplessis, he wanted to make agriculture the biggest sector. -
Nationalism
The opposite of imperialism. When a group of people are loyal to the nation that they live in. Two types of nationalism:
-French-Canadian Nationalism: They did not support Britain and they wanted to protect their french culture.
-English-Canadian Nationalism: They liked the ways of the British (language, politics, etc) but they wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Corporatism (Co-ops)
This is the birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration. It gives an individual more of a chance to make products. A few owners would come together and become co-owners to sell their products collectively. -
Feminism
A social movement in which women would fight for the right to vote and social, economic, political equality. They had a hard life, they married young and produced many children. Women only took care of the children and the home. World War 1 was the first time women were working in the factories. -
Americanism
The influence by the American culture. Canadian use of American cultural trends, for example: dance (Charleston), music (jazz) and spread of American culture through films, radio and television. -
Fascism
The idea that a dictator should control the entire country. They usually rule through propaganda and force. One person who makes all the decisions for his country. The restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means. -
Aboriginalism
The Aboriginals fighting for their Native traditional culture. Claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through traditional culture. For example, writing, music, language, education etc. They assert their concept of a nation.
