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The Union represented various types of workers and worked for arbitration of industrial disputes and eight hour workdays.
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The railroad, joined in Utah, served as a vital link for trade, commerce, and travel that united the eastern and western halves of the United States.
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Standard Oil, founded by John D. Rockefeller, was a predominant American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company.
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Tamany Hall employed bribery, cunning, and fradulent elections to illegally get as much as $200 million in New York City.
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Overspeculation caused thousands of businesses to enter bankruptcy.
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The act provided for the replacement of the Civil War fractional currency by silver coins and reduced the greenback total.
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The act guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection, but the law was not enforced.
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Alexander Graham Bell created a faster method of communication.
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The Compromise of 1877 settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election and ended Reconstruction.
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The Compromise of 1877 required the removal of federal troops in the South, thus limiting protection for African-Americans.
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Thomas Edison overcame the obstacle to finding a light bulb that would burn long enough to become commercially viable.
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Charles Guiteau shot Garfield at a railroad station assuming that Arthur would reward him with a political position.
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A federal law passed in response to complaints by workers on the West Coast forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States.
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The Interstate Commerce Act created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry.
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It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies and requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue any organization suspected of violating the Act.
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It required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before and added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation.
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The act increased rates to their highest peacetime level ever (48.4%).
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The steel plant near Pittsburgh called in 300 armed Pinkerton guards to stop a strike by steelworkers angry over pay cuts.
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Federal troops bloodily quelled a strike among silver miners in Idaho.
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It was a serious economic depression in the United States that was influenced by causes such as overspeculation, labor disorders, agricultural depression, etc.
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The act distributed federal land to the States on the condition that it be irrigated and settled.
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Spain misgoverned and oppressed the Cubans, so the Cubans revolted.
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Utah was admitted after the Mormons banned polygamy.
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The tariff raised the tariff to 46.5%, rates that were as high as the McKinley Act of 1890.
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The Maine mysteriously blew up in Havana harbor. The American public, who was ready for war, believed that the Spanish government was at fault.
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It stated that when the U.S. overthrew Spanish rule in Cuba, the U.S. would give Cubans their independence.
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt cabled Commodore George Dewey in Hong Kong to attack Spain’s Philippines in the event of war. Dewey carried out his orders and defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila by the next day.
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Congress annexed Hawaii and granted residents U.S. citizenship.
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It provided that the paper currency be redeemed freely in gold.
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The act gave Puerto Rico limited popular government.
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McKinley was in office 6 more months before he was assassinated; Roosevelt assumes the presidency.
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It was written into the constitution of Cuba by the U.S., and in effect, made Cuba a U.S. protectorate.
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The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not necessarily apply to newly acquired areas; people living in territories might be subject to American rule, but not American rights.
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The act authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in the dry western States and use the funds for irrigation projects.
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Heavy fines could now be imposed both on the railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that excepted them.
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The Supreme Court invalidated a New York law establishing a 10-hour day for bakers.
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Japan agreed to stop immigration to America by withholding passports.
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Roosevelt orders the entire battleship fleet on a highly visible voyage around the world.
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The Territory of Oklahoma was joined with the Indian territory and admitted to the Union as the State of Oklahoma.
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It pledged both powers to respect each other’s territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
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Violations of fire codes (such as locked doors) caused 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women, to die.
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The Supreme Court ordered the break up of the Standard Oil Company, which was judged to be in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890.
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This act exempted American shipping from tolls, but the British protested this act and it was repealed in 1914.
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The Children's Bureau is a U.S. federal agency that works to improve efforts towards child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption.
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It allowed graduated (increasing by the amount of money you make) income tax.
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It established the direct election of U.S. senators and was intended to eliminate corruption, give the people more of a voice, and improve the caliber of senators.
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This tariff substantially reduced rates.
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This act was a response to the Panic of 1907 and concerns of business. It created the Federal Reserve Board.
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It strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, exempted labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution, and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.
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It created a commission to investigate industries engaged in interstate commerce.
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This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, or consumption of alcohol.
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Veterans were able to meet and share old stories, thus relieving some problems.
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The Volstead Act defined alcoholic beverages and imposed criminal penalties for violations of the 18th Amendment.
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Because of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, a period of fear of communists in America began.
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This act authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled about 1,500 vessels, to dispose of much of the hastily built wartime fleet at low bargain prices.
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The earliest radio programs reached only local audiences, but by the late 1920s, technological improvements made long-distance broadcasting possible.
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This act encouraged private consolidation of the railroads and pledged the Interstate Commerce Commission to guarantee their profitability.
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This act exempted farmers’ marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution.
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This act restricted immigrants to 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the U.S. in 1910.
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Sacco and Vanzetti were charged with murder and tried by a prejudice judge and jury.
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Secretary Hughes submitted a plan for a 10-year pause on the construction of battleships and for scrapping some of them.
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Duties on farm produce were increased to equalize American and foreign production, and tariff rates were increased from 27% to 38.5%.
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President Harding dies of pneumonia and thrombosis on a speechmaking tour across the country.
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The courts reversed its decision in Muller v. Oregon, which had declared women to be deserving of special protection in the workplace, and invalidated a minimum-wage law for women. Because of the 19th Amendment, women were the legal equals of men, and they could no longer be protected by special legislation.
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This scandal involved naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hill, California. It lowered the prestige of the Washington government and undermined faith in the courts.
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The immigration quota was cut from 3% to 2% and shifted to the census of 1890.
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A high-school biology teacher, John T. Scopes, was indicted for teaching evolution in a Tennessee town that had made the teaching of the theory illegal.
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The Jazz Singer, the first talking movie, was released starring Al Jolson.
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Lindbergh was the first person to fly a solo flight across the Atlantic for a prize of $25,000. His plane, called the Spirit of St. Louis, went from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 39 minutes.
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The provisions of this treaty included the peaceful settlement of all conflicts, the initiation of all wars being based on self-defense, and the renunciation of war.
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This act gave independence to the Philippines after a 12-year period.
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This act provided for the negotiation of tariff agreements between the United States and separate nations, particularly Latin American countries. It resulted in a reduction of duties.
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Spanish rebels, headed by fascist General Francisco Franco, rebelled against the republican government.
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Chinese and Japanese troops clashed at Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing while America remained neutral.
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Japanese pilots sunk the Panay, an American gunboat. This could have provoked war, but Japan quickly made apologies and payments.
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The leaders of Britain and France met with Hitler in Munich, Germany. They appeased Germany – giving them the Sudetenland.
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The Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler. This meant that Hitler did not have to worry about a second front with the Soviets while invading western Europe.
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This act provided that European democracies might buy American war supplies, but only if they transported them after paying in cash.
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America and 20 Latin American nations agreed to keep Germany out of the former colonies of the Netherlands, Denmark, and France.
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Congress declared war on Japan after the attack at Pearl Harbor.
