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The Missouri Compromise made it so there was equal slave and free states. The slave states were mad about this compromise because not all states were in The Union, therefore the new states being added weren't slave states
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Allowing California to join the union as a free state was controversial because that meant 1 less slave state and it set the tone for all of the other western states
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The northerners were upset about the Kansas-Nebraska Act because the Compromise of 1850 already prohibited slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. Therefore the passing of the the Kansas-Nebraska act would contradict and repeal the Compromise of 1850
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Dred Scott a slave, travel with his owner ,an army surgeon, and one point lived in Wisconsin a free state. They move back to Missouri and his owner passed away, therefore his wife now owned Dred. Eventually ownership transferred to her brother, John Sanford. An antislavery law firm helped Dred conduct a legal case arguing Scott lived in a free state and therefore should be free but the court ruled he was enslaved not a citizen and couldn't file a law suit causing more division within the nation
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Abraham Lincoln won the election and a little over a month later South Carolina seceded from the Union along with 6 other states in 1861. Which angered southern states, causing more tention.