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Henry Clay and Daniel Webster was supposed to settle all debates about free and slave states. New Fugitive Slave Law. Sell of slaves banned in DC; possession still allowed
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California became a free state. Southerners were mad because it wasn't a slave state.
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Slave catchers could go into free states to capture runaway slaves. No fair trial for escaped slaves. Small reward for returning slaves, BIG fine for withholding. 9 Northern states passed personal liberty laws
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Changed American opinion towards slavery. Slavery is a moral struggle, not just political.
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Would divide Nebraska territory into 2 states [Nebraska and Kansas]. Would repeal Missouri Compromise and implement pop sov.
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N and S race to fill Kansas with “voters” for each side. Vote to be free or a slave state
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• republican: John C Freemont
Democrat: James Buchanan (minister to GB) both sides liked him (n&s). Buchanan won entire south minus Maryland. Republicans were gaining strength in the North -
Antislavery settlers founded town of Lawrence. Proslavery grand jury wanted the settlers arrested
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Charles Sumner = “The crime against Kansas". Attacked slavery supporters. Made personal attacks towards Andrew Butler
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Infuriated over the sack of Lawrenceo. Pulled 5 men out of bed, cut off their hands and stabbed them
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Originally from Missouri. Moves to free territory (Illinois – 4 years). Owner died, now Sanford’s slave. Scott filed lawsuit to gain freedom
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US Senate – Douglas v. Lincoln. Open and public debates. Douglas = paces, pounds first. Lincoln = Still, direct, tall
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John Brown, again believed this it was time for a slave uprising. Intended to take over the federal arsenal and arm slaves with
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Republican Convention. Chicago – becomes very overcrowded. William H. Seward – NY Senator. Very confident, thought he would win the nomination. Abe Lincoln (WINS!)
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States rights. 6 other states secede from Union. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas
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Confederate States of America. Protest and recognized slavery. Each state = sovereign and independent. Jefferson Davis = president of the confederacy. Former secrecy of war, Treated slaves very well
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Surrounding area taken over by SC, except Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter = Union Fort. S.C. is a confederate state. Confederates threatened to attack the Fort if the US didn’t surrender
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Confederate Fort – TN River. Union army headed by U.S. Grant. Union Plan – attack fort from land and water
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Inexperienced soldiers – both sides. Union on way to Richmond. Conf. led by Gen. Thomas J. Jackson. “Stonewall Jackson” Union starts off good, but Conf. takes the win. Boosts Conf. morale THIS IS NOT GOING TO BE A SHORT WAR!!
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Confederate Fort – TN River. Union army headed by U.S. Grant. Union Plan – attack fort from land and water. Grant puts Union army in 2 places. Fort Henry was not designed to withhold an attack – designed to stop water traffic
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Monitor = Union ironclad, Merrimack = Confederate ironclad. First ironclad battle in history, Draw – nobody won
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• Conf. 18 – 35; able white men If rich enough; could hire a sub If planter with > 20 slaves, also exempt
• Union 20 – 40; required to serve for at least 3 years, $300 fee to get out of draft, Army mostly volunteers 92% - 2,000,000 -
Lee’s battle plans around a bunch of cigars. McClellan gets aggressive. Lee puts in all men; McClellan plays ¾ of men
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Lincoln wanted to wait till they had a secure victory. All slaves in rebellion states are to be free, Will not free all slaves – Union slaves were still slaves
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Union and Confederate run into each other. Union takes high ground but eventually leaves position. Confederates attack but are put down
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confederates surrender after a three day fight against union. conf. army became weak and retreated then to a surrender.
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First orator spoke for 2 hours, Lincoln speaks for 2 minutes. People now say the “United States is”
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Lincoln faced opposition Andrew Jackson – Pro-Union Democrat (TN), Lincoln’s running mate. Lincoln doesn’t think he’ll win
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Takes Savannah Moves up coast to NC (destroys everything on his way) Bentonville, NC Largest battle in NC
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reconstruction begins after the civil war to rebuild the US, specially the south. the free of salves has tooken place.
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Jefferson Davis flees Richmond. Lee and Grant agree to meet in Appomattox Court House. Grant is generous to Lee’s military. War is over
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lincoln was shot in the Ford’s Theatre Washington D.C. he was killed by John Wilkes Booth.
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The ratification came eight months after the end of the war, but it represented the culmination of the struggle against slavery. Stare With draw secession, Swear allegiance to US, Annul conf. war debts
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Force Acts (KKK Acts) passed by Congress seek to enforce 15th Amendment by giving Federal protection for black suffrage, and authorize the use of Federal troops against the KKK. These acts are declared unconstitutional in Cruikshank v. U.S. in the 1880ís.
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In Congressional elections of 1866, Republicans increase their majority in Congress, forming solid anti-Johnson majorities in both houses
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Forbids black codes, johson votes. would have provided African Am with citizenship
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14th Amendment passed by Congress grants full citizenship to blacks, gives the Federal government the responsibility to protect equal rights under the law to all American citizens.
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Grant is elected President. and its the first time african americans can vote.
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15th Amendment passed by Congress prohibits any state from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Disputed election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden resolved in favor of Republican Hayes.
