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Northerners and Southerners disagreed with each other, if Missouri should be slave or free state. This led Senate with Henry Clay to pass a series of agreements that admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and splitted Louisiana territory into two parts with the line 36'30' N. North side was free of slavery (except Missouri), bur on south was slavery legal.
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Road 780 miles from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Each spring, many traders went to west and then back.
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Stephen F. Austin bought inexpensive land from Mexico and set up a colony. The main settlement was San Filipe de Austin.
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That was problem in Texas because there lived a people from southern Amerrica with their slaves, and they did not want to get a rid of them.
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A big movement of free people against slavery
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Newspapers wroted by Wiliam Lloyd Garrison, critizating slavery.
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Rebellion in Virginia, when Turner and more 50 slaves killed more than 80 white people.
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Augustin went to Mexico City to fight for a greater self-government for Texas, but he was prisoned by a Mexican president, Santa Anna.
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Austin came back and decided that war is the only way to independence. Texasans lost the first battle in Alamo, but won the second one -> Treaty of Velasco gave Texas its independence.
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From Independence to Oregon City. Many people migrated west on that road.
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Many Americans believed that it was their destiny to move west.
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There was a problem with slavery again. North did not want slavery and South wanted slavery
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There was a problem with a boundary between Texas and Mexico, and then, Americans wanted war with Mexico to get some more lands (New Mexico and California).
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Another Newspapers Ctitiziting slavery wrote by Frederick Douglas, who wanted to achieve freedom for slaves without violence.
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Rio Grande - border between Mexico and Texas. US got lands such as California and New Mexico, but they paid 15 million dollars to Mexico.
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Born as a slave. She ran away when her owner died. Then, she became a conductor and helped around 300 slaves to freedom.
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admitted California as a free state and passed a fugitive slave law.
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The right to vote for or against slavery, for residents of the New Mexico ad Utah Territory.
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The system of escape routes created by conductors (free africans and white people) to help slaves to run away to north, where they were free.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel about a great moral struggle - slavery.
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This law established sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska.
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Scott was a slave who moved north with his owner, but stayed his slave, and decided to fight for his rights, but lost.
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Self-educated Lincoln chalanged Douglas to debate slavery. They both were for abolish slavery, but they had different oppinions how to reach that.
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John Brown got inspiration frome Rome or Haity slave uprising, and led 21 men into Harpers Ferry, Virginia where they lost and died, but Brown became a hero on north.
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He won because he got many supporters on north because of his oppinions about slavery.
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South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Lousiana, and Texas created their own Union, where was legal and protected slavery. Their president was Jefferson Davis.
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Fort Sumter was one of the four last forts in south in northern hands, but then, southerners came and took it. This was a beginning of war. Lincoln called for troops, and Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tenesee joined south.
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This battle near to Washington won motivated southerners, but they did not continue
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Union (McClellan) found Confederate's (Lee) orders and fought them in the most bloodest single-day battle in the American history. 26,000 died. Union won, but McClellan did nothing next day, so Lincoln fired him.
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Union's army had a right to emancipate slaves on south, who then became a soldiers in their army. This was a big Lincoln's weapon.
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This made common men to fight in the war, even if they did not want to due to too long war.
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This long war costed a lots of money, which led north Congress to pay for it by collecting the nation first income tax.
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Confederate (Lee) attacked Union (John Buford) and from the beginning of the battle did well, but then, he lost too many men, so he led his army back to Virginia.
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Vicksburg was really important strategy city that could keep control on Mississippi river. To seize it, general Grant (Union) had to block the city from the river and from the land, and then, after some time, the city gave up.
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Lincoln's speech at cemetery in Gettysburg, where the battle was decided, which made people think about U.S. like one nation.
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Sherman led his army toward Georgia an the ocean. He destroyed almost everything, he marched on, and when he was done he went to help Grant against Lee.
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Grant led his army to Virginia, where he just met Lee to arrange a Confederate surrender. Confederate soldiers just went home and the officers kept their possitions.
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Lincoln went to theatre where he got shot and died. His funeral went for 14 days and 7 million people participated.
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"Neither slavery nor involuntary survitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States."
