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13th Ammendment
This formanlly abolished slavery in the states and was ratified in December of the same year. The senate passed it with a vote of 38 to 6 and the House of Representatives passed it with a vote of 119 to 56 after president Lincoln asked for it to be reconsidered. -
14th Ammendment
This ammendment gave citizenship to all who were born in the United States including slaves.It was passed in the senate by a vote of 33 to 11. The House of Representatives also passed it with a vote of 120 to 32 -
15th Ammendment
This gave Black men the rigth to vote but Southern States were able to keep African Americans from using this through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means for nearly 100 years. -
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Jim Crow
Jim Crow was not a man but was many different rights that separated White people from all other races. They favored the White race and kept the African American people under them, -
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Poll Taxes
Made voters pay a fee before voting. This was another way the South kept the majority of African Americans from voting. -
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Literacy Tests
These were tests that required voters to be able to read prior to voting. This was another way for Southern states to keep African Americans from voting. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
Homer Adolf Plessy was 1/8 caucasion took a seat in a whites only railway car and refused to move. This was the first separate but equal example -
19th Amendment
This granted women the right to vote. Movements for Womens rights began in 1848 and took 70 years for these groups to become victorious. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This is not yet in the constitution and was written by womens sufferage leader Alice Paul. She wanted all rights for all people under law. It has been introduced into every congress since 1982. -
Korematsu vs United States
During World War Two the military excluded Japanese-Americans as citizens if they had Japanese Ancestors in order to prevent spying. It was able to protect the United States. -
Sweatt vs Painter
Sweatt, a black man, applied for admission to the University of Texaas. The state law restricted access to African Americans. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Black students weren't allowed to attend public schools where white students went. This broke barriers for black students in public schools. It overturned separate but equal. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
This started when Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus when a white man requested her to do so. A federal ruling in the case Browder vs Gayle resulted in finding segragated busses unconstitutional and introduced many civil rights leaders. -
Affirmative Action
Favorites members of minorities or groups with disadvantages from suffering due to discrimination. This created more jobs for minorities. -
Civil acts Act of 1964
This outlawed discrimination of race or color, it required equal rights for whites and blacks, and enforced desegregation of schools and gave blacks the right to vote. It did not completely solve all problems but it lead to many advances for African Americans -
24th Amendment
This doesnt allow there to be a poll tax on voters during a federal election. Southern States used poll taxes to prevent African Americans from voting in elections. This ammendment was another step in allowing African Americans to vote. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
State troopers attacked peaceful marchers crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. This convinced the President and Congress to do something about the problem themselves and enforce voting rights in the South. President Johnson wanted law and hearings to begin and then soon that became the Voting Rights Act. -
Reed vs Reed
Sally and Cecil Reed separated after their son passed away. They were arguing over who should be the administer of the estate. Idaho said that males must be preferred to females in appointing administrators of estates. The Supreme court made a unanimous decision that this law was unconstitutional. -
Regents of the University of California vs Bakke
This allowed race to be a one of several factors in college admission. This went against the Civil Rights Act. -
Bowers vs Hardwick
Georgia police officers arrest people for engaging in homosexual sex. This was overturned in a 5 to 4 vote in 2003. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prevents discrimination against people who have disabilities in employment, transportation, and public accomodation. It allowed people to be able to work. -
Lawrence vs Texas
Lawrence was found with another man inside a house engaging in sexual conduct. He was arrested due to forbidden same sex laws. In this case it was a 6 to 3 ruling that turned down the state sodomy laws. -
Fisher vs Texas
This asked that the Court declare the University's race-conscious admissions inconsistent with Grutter case. This suit was brought by Abigail Fisher. The District Court heard this case in 2009 -
Indiana Gay Rights
Baskin vs Bogan knocked down the ban on marriage
