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In case that decided if decedents of slaves or slaves should be considered property or free people
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Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
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The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 t extend suffrage to African Americans
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Ruled that separated but equal was constitutional, that created the precedent that schools and public places could be segregated
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Constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote
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Means by which white people used to discourage African Americans voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary election
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abolished taxes on voting
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Small taxes levied on the right to vote, that often fell due at a time of year when poor Afric Amer sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. Method used in Southern states to exclude Afric. Amer from voting registers. Declared void by the 24th Amend in 1964.
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The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. See also civil rights movement and civil rights policies.
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. Under the law, federal registrars were sent to Southern states and counties that had long histories of discrimination; as a result, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of black elected officials increased dramatically.
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law/regulation that take positives steps increase the number or proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in schools , public jobs and positions
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First time the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment was used to strike down a law against woman. People should be treated independent of their sex
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Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people. As one member of Congress said during debate on the Amendment, it should provide "equal protection of life, liberty, and property" to all a state's citizens.
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decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. The Court did not, however, rule that such affirmative action policies and the use of race as a criterion for admission were unconstitutional, only that they had to be formulated differently
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Supreme court decided that the US constitution did not had the power to protect homosexual marriage
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A law that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
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allowed voters to register through mail
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Supreme court decided that the states could not interfere with two consenting adults private sexual life's. So they stroke down any laws that prohibited gay marriage/ relationships
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the Supreme Court case where it was ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.
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The constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude