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13th Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, only could be used as a punishment for a crime. -
14th Amendment
Addresses equal rights and protection of the laws and is relative because of issues related to former slaves -
15th Amendment
Prohibits the government from denying anyone the right to vote. -
Poll Tax
A tax that must be paid before being able to register to vote. The tax was put into place to make it more difficult for newly freed slaves to vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Law’s mandated the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation. Jim Crow laws also segregated restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The Jim Crow laws also resembled the Black Codes (1800-1866). Jim Crow Laws started in 1877 when the Northern soldiers left the South alone. The laws ended in 1965 with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -
Literacy test
Test administered to test prospective voters literacy, used to keep ex-slaves from voting. The test were meant to keep those who were not fully educated from being able to vote. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1. -
19th Amendment
o Prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote. This was more for females then for different races. -
Korematsu v. United States
Korematsu v. United States concerned the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066. Executive Order 9066 ordered Japanese-Americans into internment camps during World War II. In a 6–3 decision they sided with the government. -
Sweatt v Painter
Sweatt v. Painter successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later. The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka which the courts declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation. The decision was an unanimous (9–0) -
Bus Boycotts
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit systems. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955 to December 20, 1956. It all started when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person. Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits having a poll tax, the poll taxes were meant to stop blacks from being able to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or nation of origin. -
Voting Rights act of 1965
Prohibits discrimination in voting based on race and color. -
Robert Kennedy's Speech
Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. was given on April 4, 1968, in Indianapolis, Indiana. Earlier that day Kennedy had spoken at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend and at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. That evening Kennedy addressed the crowd, many of whom had not heard about King's assassination. Instead of the rousing campaign speech they expected, Kennedy offered brief, impassioned remarks for peace that is considered to be one of the -
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was an equal protection case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. -
Affirmative Action
The policy of favoring the members of a disadvantaged group who are perceived to suffer from discrimination within society. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, the court ruled that specific quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students were impermissible. -
Equal Rights Amendment
A propesed amendment to the constitution designed to help give women more rights, but after the extended deadline the amendment fell three ratifications short of becoming a real amendent -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick was eventually overturned in 2003 due to a 5–4 ruling. The premise of this court case was the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults when applied to homosexuals. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Known as the ADA they work with people that have both mental or physical disabilities -
Lawrence v. Texas
Lawrence v. Texas was a 6–3 ruling the Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas. This got rid of sodomy laws in 13 other states including Georgia. This made making same-sex sexual activity legal. -
Fisher v. Texas
Fisher v. University of Texas concerned the affirmative action policy of the University of Texas. They revisited the constitutionality of using race as a factor in college admissions. -
Indiana's Gay Rights
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Indiana. By legislation passed in 1997, it denied recognition to same-sex marriages. In Indiana it is now legal to be a homosexual and marry your partner due to the legislation pass.
