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The Dred Scott lawsuit, also known as Dred Scott v. Sandford, was a ten-year struggle for emancipation by Dred Scott, a Black enslaved man. The case went through several trials before reaching the United States Supreme Court, whose decision enraged abolitionists, fueled the anti-slavery cause, and acted as a prelude to the Civil War. -
"Neither slavery nor compulsory servitude, except as a penalty for a crime whereof the party shall have been properly convicted, shall occur within the United States, or any place subject to their control," the 13th amendment states. This required states to abolish slavery. -
The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted in 1868, gave citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and promised “equal protection of the laws” to all residents. -
The right to vote should not be withheld depending on "race, color, or former state of servitude," according to this amendment to the US Constitution. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, which abolished slavery and guaranteed citizenship to African Americans, respectively, were complemented and replaced by this provision. -
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” document. The result was restrictive Jim Crow legislation and separate public accommodations based on race became commonplace. -
It declares that “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” Women got the right to vote -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. -
The Civil Rights act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin is prohibited under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Discrimination on the grounds of sex, as well as race, was prohibited in recruiting, promoting, and firing under the provisions of this civil rights act. Discrimination in public accommodations and publicly administered services was banned under the Act. Also helped to enforce desegregation in schools. -
It made unfair voting procedures, such as literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting, illegal in many southern states after the Civil War. The 1965 Voting Rights Act marked a major shift in African Americans' standing in the South. The Voting Rights Act barred states from prohibiting African Americans from voting by literacy testing and other means. -
The Landmark Decision was the United States Supreme Court invalidated an Idaho law that required the selection of a man over a woman to serve as administrator of an estate when both were equally qualified. -
This law protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance. -
The Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government' programs and services. -
This cases results were that state bans on same-sex marriage and on recognizing same-sex marriages duly performed in other jurisdictions are unconstitutional under the due process an equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
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