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Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri but now lived in a free state. After returning to Missouri, Scott filed suit in Missouri court for his freedom, claiming that his residence in free territory made him a free man. The court ruled that because he was black he was not a citizen and did not have a standing to sue in federal court. -
The 13th amendment abolished slavery within the United States. This was significant forever abolished slavery as an institution in all U.S. states and territories. In addition to banning slavery, the amendment outlawed the practice of involuntary servitude and peonage. -
Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. This amendment was significant it strengthened the federal government's power over the States, particularly regarding State treatment of citizens. It provided the legal framework for the civil rights movement relating to racial discrimination. -
The 15th amendment stated the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was significant because it granted African American men the right to vote. -
Plessy was 7/8th white and they argued he was technically black under Louisana law, so he couldn't sit on the whites-only train. He was told to leave, but he refused and was arrested. At trial, Plessy argued that the separate car act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments. The court held that the state law was constitutional. This case is significant because they decided that segregation was legal. -
This amendment states that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. This is significant because it gave women the right to vote. -
This case was about how African American students had been denied admittance to public schools based on laws that allowed segregation by race in schools. The question was if this violated the 14th amendment. The court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. This is significant because this was a turning point for civil rights. -
The civil rights act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color. religion, sex, or national origin. This is significant because it is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
This act outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. This was significant because it made sure that African American men were allowed to use their right to vote -
Sally and Cecil Reed sought to be named the administrator of their son's estate. The question was if this violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. The court ruled that the law's dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional. -
Title IX is a federal civil rights law passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. This law protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance. This is significant because the goal was to help prevent gender discrimmination. -
Allan Bakke, a thirty-five-year-old white man, had twice applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected both times. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities. The question was if the University violated the 14th amendment's equal protection clause. The court ruled that affirmative action was constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas. -
This act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications, and access to state and local government' programs and services. -
Groups of same-sex couples sued their relevant state agencies to challenge the constitutionality of those states' bans on same-sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same-sex marriages. The question is does the 14th amendment require a state to license a marriage between two people of the same sex? The court ruled that the 14th amendment requires all states to grant same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages granted in other states.
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