-
Dred Scott v Sandford
The United States claimed that no slave was allowed to sue for their own freedom, whether they were a free slave or not. It was concluded that black individuals were not counted towards being a citizen in the Consitution. Since he was not a "citizen" so they couldn't help him because of the "diversity of citizenship". He ended up losing 7-2 against him. -
13th Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. Abraham Lincoln was the current president of the United States when this amendment was passed. -
14th Amendment
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." This amendment stated anyone that who was born in the United States is a citizen no matter their race or gender. -
15th Amendment
This amendment prohibited the government from discriminating against anyone to vote based on their "race, previous condition, or condition of servitude". -
Plessy vFerguson
This case was about Plessy, an African American male sitting on an all-white train. After he refused to get off the train, he was arrested for his actions. He then sued because of the violation of the 14th Amendment. The courts ruled against Plessy in a 7-1 voting, including that Plessy was technically not imposed in the 14th amendment and according to the state of Lousiana there wasn't a meaning between the black and white trains. -
19th Amendment
This amendment gave the right to anyone to vote including race and gender. So, this amendment gave women the right to vote. -
Brown v Board of Education
This case was about stopping the segregation of Americans in school by the color of their skin. They made the quote "separate but equal" and started to solve the issues going on with racism. It was ruled that racial discrimination in public education was unconstitutional and needed to be addressed. -
Civil RIghts Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, no matter what. It ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This outlawed the discrimination in the United States but specifically the southern part of the United States in voting for African Americans -
Reed v Reed
This case was about how the Idaho Code stated, "males must be preferred to females". But, when their son died they wanted to rename the company in his name. She argues that the code violates the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment. -
Title IX
This gave the right to any child or adult to be able to get an education no matter their gender or race. It mostly prohibited sexual discrimination against women for their education. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibits any discrimination against disabilities. This discrimination includes employment, transportation, and access to the governments' programs and services. -
Obergefell v Hodges
There are many couples across the United States that are wanting to get married that are attracted to the other gender. This is argued to violate the Equal Protection Clause.
