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Congress of Racial Equality Founded (CORE)
-Civil Rights: protect an individual's freedom from the government
-A group of students founded it
-Counseled migrants, and black social workers
-1st action: sit-in at segregated coffee shop -
Dodgers Play Jackie Robinson
-Jackie Robinson, first black man to play a major league game
-He broke the color line in 1947
-Began carrier in the Negro Leagues after WWII
-All of the white people on other teams tried to injure him -
Executive Order 9981
-Harry Truman ending segregation in the military
-Ending segregation in the military wasn't easy
-Many GI's we home and got a lot of hate
- Ending segregation wasn't Truman's goal but it was important and need to be done -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Malcom X, member of the Nation of Islam
-In jail he was introduced to teachings of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam
-Joined the Nation of Islam in 1952 -
Brown V. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall, argued for Brown in the case. NAACP's lawyer
-Linda Brown wanted to go to a white school closer to her home, case was argued in front of the Warren Court
-Public Schools became de-segregated -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Rosa Parks and African Americans that refused to give up their seat
-On December 5th, 90 percent of the African Americans who usually rode the bus, honored the boycott
-MLK was 26 years old when they chose him to lead the boycott -
Integration of Central High School
-Little Rock Nine: a group of 9 black students that went to a white school
-2,000 students at Central High School and only 9 of them were black
-People tried to stop to stop the 9 kids from going to school, even the military -
First Lunch Counter Sit-In
-African Americans were involved in the sit-ins
-The 4 black men sat at the lunch counter the whole da and didn't get served
-The South was the first place to start integrating its public facilities
-The sit-ins were involved with the Jim Crow Laws because the King was trying to get the blacks to be able to do everything the whites could do -
Freedom Riders
-7 blacks and 6 whites, a group from the North that wanted to test their civil rights
-Wanted to test to see if the Southerners would break the new law and commit Civil Disobedience
-They were attacked by a mob of white people that were not SNCC -
Birmingham Campaign
-Blacks and Activists were affected
-18 bombings in black neighborhoods
-MLK of Birmingham got put in jail for protesting
-The SCLC joined the Activists and tried to stop the violence -
March on Washington
-250,000 protestors that wanted "jobs and freedom"
-The King inspired the Nation with the 'I Have a Dream' Speech
-Jackie Robinson and Rosa Parks attended the march too
-All of the people that went to march were all apart of the NAACP -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-MLK and African Americans
-On August 28, 250,000 people gathered to protest
-60,000 of those people were white
-Plessy V. Fergusson connected to Civil Rights Act because MLK wanted all blacks to be free and have jobs -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-African Americans that wanted to vote
-By February more than 3,000 had been arrested
-Less than 7 percent of Mississippi's eligible black voters registered
-African Americans were disenfranchised before the act -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission: the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that concluded that white racism was the cause of he Watts riot
-Ghettos: a part of a city where certain people of an ethnic group live
-Lasted for 6 days, 34 people died, and the national guard was sent in to stop the riot
- The long term cause of the riot was police brutality, unfair treatment and poverty -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Bobby Seale and Huey Newton were the founders of the Black Panther Party
-Black Power was the power to shape public policy through the political process
-In the mid-1970's the Black Panther Party fell through -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-Discrimination: unjust treatment of certain people or things
-After MLK was assassinated, the gov. decided to do something and pass this act
-Banned discrimination in the sales of house and rentals and allowed the federal gov. to file lawsuits against those who didn't follow -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
-Desegregation: ending the policy of segregation, putting whites and blacks together and not separating them
-Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg was the supreme court ruling that schools were sent to predominately white or black neighborhoods
-Buses were sent to predominately white or black neighborhoods and bused the kids to different schools where they would be with kids of different color -
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke
-Whites and minorities seeking jobs
-Employers had to use Affirmative Action: hiring more minorities
-Bakke sued the school for reverse discrimmination
