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Time Ranges: Dec 9-11, 1954, Dec 7-9, 1953, May 17, 1954
This case was a result of many other cases over if African American students were able to attend certain schools. This was an issue because [Plessy v. Ferguson legalized the 'separate but equal' ruling.](bit.ly/3I2AgwN) The outcome of this new case ruled that the 'separate but equal' ruling was unconstitutional, allowing schools to become desegregates, and African American students to finally achieve equal education. -
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama, and got arrested as a result. On her court date, black people, led by MLK, began boycotting busses, to try and desegregate them. To assist in the sustainability of the protest, black taxi drivers reduced their fares to what a bus's fare would normally be, alongside organized carpools to and from work. After a little over a year, the busses began to desegregate. (pic in the title)
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With Brown v. Board of Education desegregating schools, the actual integration had to take place. With this, the Little Rock 9 were invited to the high school in Little Rock, Arkansas to begin their education. The Governor of Arkansas sent out the national guard to bar their entry, but the president sent the 101st unit to protect & escort them. The Arkansas governor shut down all schools for the rest of his term, but this event assisted in tolerance for desegregating schools. -
[The Greensboro 4](bit.ly/3pqT0yX), 4 black college students in Greensboro, North Carolina, wished to fight for desegregated service at their local Woolworth since they still denied service even though it wasn't supported by the law. As they continued to do this, the number of students all over sat down in segregated places to protest this. As a result, segregated establishments were desegregated. This event ended in the summer of 1960
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The Freedom Riders, a group of civil rights activists, wanted to test the Supreme Court's decision of outlawing interstate passenger segregation. As such, throughout South America, groups of black and white riders rode on various planned forms of transport, like [buses](bit.ly/3Ic3Gsg). They were attacked and assaulted, but their message eventually got through. Due to challenging the racial status quo, people got used to interracial transport & it started becoming safe.
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In an attempt to protest discrimination & gain support for a civil rights bill, 250,000 people marched into Washington from all over the country. Important figures within this stand were A. Phillip Randolf, the N.A.C.L., and M.L.K. Jr. At said event, Martin Luther King Jr. presented his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech, which moved the hearts of many people. After the event passed, their efforts were successful, and the civil rights law was passed. -
The main church in Birmingham, Alabama was known for being a congregating place for the local African-American community, alongside a center for the local civil rights movement. On this date, unfortunately, the church was bombed, and people and children were killed in the rubble. Four culprits that were members of the Ku Klux Klan were found to be highly likely if not the people who did the crime. Ultimately, nobody was convicted for this, however. -
Mississippi at this point was one of the states with the least number of black voters. As such, numerous organizations such as SNCC, CORE, and COFO, alongside over 700 mostly white volunteers, protested to [try and increase black voter numbers](bit.ly/3LRp6gA) in Mississippi. Protestors ended up being beaten and killed by the Ku Klux Klan, and it didn't greatly affect the black voter registration numbers. It did, however, help in passing the Voting Rights act of 1965.
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Martin Luther King Jr. wanted to get rid of building segregation, investigate police brutality, and increase black suffrage. He hosted a march between Selma and Mongomery, Alabama. They were confronted by law enforcement in Marion, and many journalists and protestors were beaten. Overall, they finished their march to Montgomery, and this act helped in passing the Voting Rights act that was signed later in August. -
Throughout the majority of the Civil Rights movement, Martin Luther King was the main figurehead. He planned out rallied and motivated the people towards wanting and believing in change. On this date, he was shot with a hunting rifle by James Earl Ray. After his death, the Civil Rights movement greatly slowed down.