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1857 Supreme Court decision that stated slaves were not citizens: slaves were property no matter where they were living and the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. -
prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude. Former confederate states required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into union. -
Citizenship to everyone born in the U.S. -
U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed -
Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."
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Prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. Start of women's suffrage movement.
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1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education -
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage -
Landmark case in which the Supreme Court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. Invalidated Idaho state law preferring men to women in court selection of an estate's administrator -
A United States law that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." -
Held that colleges and universities may consider a person's race as one factor in admission policies
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A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. -
Same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
