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It forbids chattel slavery across the United States and in every territory under its control, except as a criminal punishment -
the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” -
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality. -
What traditionally has been termed a “race riot” has also been called a massacre, rebellion, revolt, race war, and coup d’etat. -
It was formed in New York City by white and Black activists, partially in response to the ongoing violence against Black Americans around the country. -
abolished discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin" in the United States Armed Forces. -
the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. -
Roy Bryant, and brother-in-law, J.W. Milam, kidnapped and brutally murdered Till, dumping his body in the Tallahatchie River. -
disorderly conduct for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. -
the Little Rock Nine, nine African American students, faced immense resistance when they attempted to integrate Little Rock Central High School, -
established the Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to seek court injunctions against interference with voting rights, as well as creating a Civil Rights Commission. -
four Black students from North Carolina AT State University, known as the "Greensboro Four," sat at a segregated lunch counter at a Woolworth's store, refusing to leave after being denied service -
a series of bus trips organized by civil rights activists in 1961 to challenge segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals in the South -
drawing an estimated 250,000 people to Washington, D.C., to advocate for civil and economic rights, culminating in Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. -
President Lyndon B. Johnson, outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, ending segregation in public places, public education, and federally assisted programs, and making employment discrimination illegal. -
a series of protests, including the infamous "Bloody Sunday," that aimed to secure voting rights for African Americans in Alabama, ultimately leading to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
This “act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution” was signed into law 95 years after the amendment was ratified. -
MLK was shot and killed. -
The Fourteenth Amendment permits the systematic use of buses to convey children of different races across district lines to further the goal of integrating public schools.