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A meeting Jefferson held to talk about the approaching conflict with France and alliances with the Iroquois -
Washington lead a militia into the Ohio Valley to challenge French expansion and after an unsuccessful assault Washington surrendered. This was the start of the seven years war -
A war between the Colonists and the French that the Colonists won most of Frances land from and boosted their morale but lead to a large amount of debt
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A peace agreement between France and the Colonies giving them the Frenches land in the West Indies, Canada, and the land west of the Mississippi except New Orleans
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In an attempt to prevent wars with Natives for economic reasons Britain set this law in place to keep colonists from expanding west of the Appalachian mountains -
Placed taxes on foreign sugar and luxury items as well as a companion law enforcing the navigation act and stopping the smuggling of sugar -
Chief Pontiac led a rebellion against the colonies over them encroaching on their land -
required colonists to provide food and living quarters to British soldiers stationed in the colonies -
The revolt against the stamp act got more violent as some turned to violence or harassment of tax officials to repeal the stamp act -
The first direct tax on the colonists that put a stamp on all paper documents in the colonies -
Representatives of nine colonies met in New York to create the Stamp Act Congress so their own elected representatives had legal authority of the taxes -
The stamp act was repealed after a new prime minister of Britain replaced Grenville -
This act was passed by Britain so parliament was asserted that they had the ability to tax the colonists what they wanted
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A act enacting taxes on colonial imported goods such as tea,glass, and paper it also allowed a writ of assistance which are search warrants given to search private homes for smuggled goods. -
Letters written by John Dickinson that parliament could regulate commerce of the colonies but it would had to have approval of assembly including colonial representation to tax
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James Otis and Samuel Adams wrote these essays urging colonists to petition parliament to repeal the Townshend acts. The British official in Boston ordered the letters retracted -
The act was repealed after the Kings Minister was changed and because it caused damage to trade and made little revenue
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5 colonial citizens were killed in gunfire in Boston when British troops opened fire in the streets. the six soldiers were put to trial 4 were acquitted and the other two were charged with manslaughter -
A British ship that was burned by colonists dressed as indians when it was ran aground in Rhode Island -
The British gave the East Indian Company the ability to give tea to the colonists with a tax -
Colonists dressed as Mohawk Natives climbed aboard a British ship and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor -
Expanded Quebec's boundaries in the Ohio River Valley and recognized Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec
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The coercive Acts were four Acts passed in 1774 to punish the people of Boston and Massachusetts
1.Port Act- closed the Boston port prohibiting trade
2.Massachusetts Government Act- reduced Massachusetts governments power
3. Administration of Justice Act-Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain
4. Quartering Act- expansion of the act -
All of the colonies except for Georgia sent delegates to a convention to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britain infringing on their liberties -
General Thomas Gage a British commander of troops in Boston sent an army to seize military supplies in Concord. Paul Revere and William Dawes rode into Concord and warned them of the British. The British militia was forced to retreat leading to 250 casualties -
This took place at a convention in Philadelphia after the fights breaking out in Massachusetts. The delegates were divided where mainly the New England area wanted Independence but the Midwest wanted to work things out with Britain. Congress adopted a declaration of the cause and necessities for taking up arms to provide troops building an army and navy -
On the outskirts of Boston a colonial militia fortified Breeds Hill next to Bunker Hill. The British sent three waves of troops to try to take the fort. They succeeded in taking the fort but took a considerable amount of casualties compared to the colonists -
This was a petition the Continental Congress gave to the king to reconcile and plead their allegiance. The king rejected this petition
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The British king declared the colonies in rebellion cutting trade and shipping between them and the colonies
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Thomas Paine wrote the Common sense pamphlet argued against the king and that the colonists should be independent from Britain -
A declaration mostly drafted by Jefferson that listed grievances with the king and basic human rights
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A weak centralized government that put most of its powers in the state and had no ability to tax it was adopted in 1777
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The peace treaty that ended the war
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These two plans were plans made to create how representation was made in the new constitution. The Virginia plan favored larger states by making representation in the house of representatives by population where as the New Jersey plan favored small states by making representation equal. as a compromise the representation was by population but slaves counted as three fifths a freed person and the Senate would have two people each
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The constitution was a new centralized government and was wanted by federalists and opposed by the anti federalists. this new government fixed all grievances with the articles like no taxation
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Needed by the antifederalists to agree to the constitution. this document protected rights from the new government and protected the people from what they thought was a corrupt government. Ten were ratified first in 1789
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A treaty written by John Jay and the British as a treaty to come to neutral terms with them. Jay returned with a treaty but many Americans were upset as it was not all of what they wanted
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The peaceful passing of power to Jefferson one year after the victory in the election of 1800
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Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from Napoleon ( France) for 15 million dollars almost doubling the size of the U.S
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Jefferson wanted to block the midnight appointments set by Adams so Madison did not send the commissions to Adams appointees. William Marbury sued Madison bringing it to the Supreme court in 1803. Madison argued that the Judiciary act which Marshall used to rule Marbury right was unconstitutional. This case set up Judicial Review
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Lewis and Clark explored the Louisiana Territory making better maps and better relations with Indians
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Created by Jefferson to restrict all foreign trade due to Britain's violation with the U.S ships
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Madison opened up trade to all foreign places except Britain and France try to relieve economic trade.
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Reopened trade with Britain helping the relationship
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A conflict between the U.S and Britain over continued violation of U.S neutral rights at sea and pressures on the Western Frontiers
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A peace treaty to end the war of 1812 made in Ghent Belgium. The treaty ordered all lands were given back to the prewar claimant and that the U.S - Canada boundary was recognized
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A plan written by Henry Clay to improve Americas economy. This was done by creating protective tariffs, National bank, and improving internal infrastructure
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A time after the war of 1812 that was economically and socially good but ended during the panic of 1819
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A economic crisis brought on by the failure of the second national bank which caused a depression and widespread unemployment
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A treaty between the U.S and Spain because Jackson invaded Florida . This conflict ended with the U.S buying Florida from Spain
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A proposal made by Clay to fix the battle between the North and South over the integration of Missouri as a state. The agreement made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state but also made all states above the 30 36 line free.
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A list of demands made by the U.S to have no European intervention in North America.
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Only four candidates all from the Democratic Republican party. Jackson won popularity but not electoral college. The election was decided by the House of Representatives. Quincy Adams won and Jackson supporters called it a corrupt Bargain.
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The Erie Canal was created so steam boats could travel further throughout the U.S because Industrialization made product shipping important.
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A tariff created by Jackson to protect the North East textile factories from Britain's cheap competition. This was detested by the south and the West later gaining the name Tariff of Abominations.
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Jackson threatened military force after South Carolina attempted to nullify the Tariff of Abominations because of their disdain for it. This ended with a compromise tariff.
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The age when Jackson was president and many things changed during this time. The spoil system became very popular with Jackson giving supporters political jobs. He also changed how candidates get nominated with them being nominated through conventions not congressional congresses. Lastly the two party system flourished in this time as it was the Democrats vs the Whigs.
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This Act which was enacted in 1830 and was a part of a long process of removing the Indians from their homes and relocating them west. The act was passed because Jackson was becoming impatient. In 1838 Natives were held at gunpoint and taken against their will to the west. This is known as the trail of Tears where as many as 4,000 people died.
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A enslaved preacher who organized a rebellion in Virginia that ended in the deaths of 55 White Men
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A conflict between Jackson and supporters of the second U.S bank. Jackson vetoed the recharter of the bank and this helped him win the election of 1832.
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The president of Mexico who abolished Mexico's federalist constitution in exchange for a centralized one alienating many Tejanos and Texans
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A law passed by Jackson so all land had to be purchased by gold and silver instead of paper currency.
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Sam Houston a Texan started a revolt claiming Texas to be an independent republic as well as making slavery legal again
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An important battle in the Mexican American War. Takes place after the capture of Goliad. Mexican forces attack Alamo and kill all of its American Defenders
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Texan forces surprise attack and Capture Mexican General Santa Anna and with the threat of death he signed a treaty that recognized Texas as a independent republic.
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A economic crisis brought on by the pet banks and specie Circular created by Jackson leading to a depression, increase in land prices, and unemployment
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Resolved the Maine - Canada boundary dispute, improved U.s and Britain relations, and established clear cooperation
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Texas applied but was denied Annexation as a state in the United States by Jackson and Van Buren as well as the Senate rejecting John Tyler's attempts at Texas's annexation
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The election between James Polk and Henry Clay. The main issues in this election was the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory Disputes, and Manifest Destiny
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Mexican American War to the Reconstruction of South post Civil War
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James Polk after being elected in 1844. His slogan was 54 40 or fight. Britain compromised with the 49th parallel in the Oregon Treaty in 1846
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Fought over the Borders of Texas with America claiming its border ended at the Rio Grande while Mexico claimed it ended Nueces River. Mexican forces crossed into the disputed territory and attacked U.S forces and Polk declared war When it ended the U.S gained massive amounts of territory and recognized the Rio Grande as the boundary line through the treaty of Guadalupe. In return the U.S payed Mexico 15 Million
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A convention held in Seneca Falls NY. The convention was held by women to discuss gender equality in politics, economy, and society. The convention ended with the declaration of sentiments which was written similar to the Declaration of Independence and stated that "all men and women were created equal"
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Gold was found in the hills of California which sparked a mass migration making the states population explode.
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A compromise made by Henry Clay to quell the sectional tension between the North and South over slavery. The compromise was made because California applied for statehood in 1849 which Taylor approved of but the South threatened secession. the proposal for the compromise was California was admitted as a free state, popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, banned slave trade in DC, and a harsher slave code. In the end this compromise failed
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The purchase of a sliver of land in the Arizona and New Mexico area from Mexico for 10 million. This land was needed for a proposed Southern transcontinental railroad
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Organized remaining Louisiana purchase territory into the Nebraska and Kansas territories. allowed them popular sovereignty on whether they wanted to be free or slave states repealing the 36 30 line created by the Missouri Compromise. This sparked outrage from the northern making Whigs abandon the party and create the Republican party as well as starting violent conflict in Kansas
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The violence caused by the popular sovereignty at the time in the Nebraska and Kansas territories. specifically pro and anti slave civilians fought to have majority in these areas so these areas would legalize or abolish slavery.
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An enslaved individual who sued for his freedom after being brought to live in a state that abolished slavery. The court ruled that African Americans were property which repealed the Missouri Compromise
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The North experienced unemployment, bank failures, and failing wages.
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Abraham Lincoln won the presidency by a land slide even after not being on the ballot in most southern states. As a result South Carolina seceded from the Union
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Over the next six weeks after South Carolina seceded from the Union Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas
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Took place in Manassas and the First battle of the war.
Confederate victory -
Union Victory under Ulysses S. Grant
Extremely high casualty rate
Union forces gained control further into Tennessee and toward the Mississippi river -
Unions strategic victory by halting Lee's invasion of the North
Allowed Lincoln to pass the emancipation proclamation
the starting point of the goal shift from preserving the Union to ending slavery -
Union Victory ending lee's attempts at invading the North
happened in the same week after the Battle of Vicksburg
start of Union momentum -
Confederate Victory
considered Robert E Lee's greatest victory
Stonewall Jackson was fatally wounded by friendly fire -
Declared enslaved people in the confederacy freed. This did not count the border states that allowed slavery. This also allowed African Americans to enlist for the Union in the war
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Gave the Union control of the Mississippi river cutting off confederate supplies
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William Sherman led troops from Atlanta to Savannah using total war tactics ( burning homes, farms, and industries.
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Official end of the civil war with the surrender of Robert E Lee to Ulysses S Grant
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Guaranteed freedom to all enslaved people even in border states
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Passed in 1866 but ratified in 1868
Declared all people born or naturalized in the U.S as citizens
required states to respect the rights of U.S citizens and provide equal protection of rights
restricted confederate official to have power
repudiated debts ensuring U.S did not pay
penalized states for denying voting rights to any eligible men -
Ratified to prevent the states from denying men to vote based on race, color, or previous conditions of servitude
passed in 1869 but ratified in 1870