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Barons decided to impose The Magna Carta to rebel against taxes and the king’s abuse of power.
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This dynasty gather all the reign of the Tudor family, namely Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.
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The Church of England became independant and would answer to the king.
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Henry VIII decided to break with the Church of Rome because the Pope refused his petition for a divorce with his wife Catherine of Aragon. In this way, he proclaimed himself head of the Church of England. This moment of break is called a schism.
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During this period, Wales was represented in English Parliament and English became the official language in courts and administration
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He was Henry VIII’s youngest son. He came into the thrown at 9 years old after his father’s death, but he died very young at the age of 15 years old.
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She was Henry VIIII’s eldest daughter, and she was Catholic. During her reign, she restored Catholicism (because her father and her brother were Protestants), and persecuted every Protestants who refused to convert back to Catholicism. This is why she was known as «Bloody Mary».
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She was Henry VIII’s youngest daughter. She came into the thrown when the country was at a moment of deep crisis: she had to appease religions tensions and apply economic measures to save the country from brankrupt. She stayed in power for 45 years, during which she stabilized the Church of England, and expanded England’s influence. Her reign was associated with the idea of Golden Age for England.
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In 1570, the Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I. This led many Catholics to plot against the Queen. So the 1581´s Act provide death penalty for Catholics. It caused 163 deaths.
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Charles I reigned during 24 years (from 1625 to 1649). During his reign, he imposed illegal taxes, so the Parliament protested, but he didn’t listen and governed within Parliament during 11 years. This led to a civil war of 7 years between Royalists and Parliamentarian.
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The Commonwealth refers to the period during which there were no king. It was Oliver Cromwell who was named Lord Protector in 1653
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Charles I was defeated and made prisonner after the war. He was trialed and found guilty for treason and tyranny, and was beheaded in London.
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James II came into the thrown after his brother’s (Charles II) death. He was the first Catholic king, so He promoted Catholics to high places, ignored Parliament and suspended the laws.
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This union created the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Even if Scotland had representatives in the Westminster Parliament, it kept its own legal and education system.
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This union led to the birth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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This war of independace was about the partition of Republic of Ireland of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In this way, the Republic of Ireland left in 1921 but the Northern Ireland remained part in it. This created the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, but also two
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Since 1918, the suffrage was universal for men and women over 30. It was only from 1928 that suffrage became fully universal.
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The Good Friday Agreement ended a period of 30 years (from 1960 to 1990) of violences, known as The Troubles, during which the Irish Republican Army led terrorists attacks in Northern Ireland.
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The question was if Scottish wanted Scotland to be independant or not: 85% of Scottish voted, and among them, 55% voted they wanted to stay in the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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In 2016, a referundum was created in the UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to ask if they should leave European Union or not. At the end, 52% of people wanted to leave it (England and Wales wanted to leave whereas Northern Ireland ans Scotland wanted to remain). This result created a crisis between different population, creating a risk of break up of the UK because of these tensions.