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Dred Scott was a slave who moved to a free state with the consent of his master (Emerson). When Emerson died, Scott tried to get freedom for himself and his family, but the estate refused. Scott then filed an action in a federal court which applied Missouri law (the state where Scott was purchased and currently lived). -
The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States formally abolished slavery. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction..." -
All people born in America will be treated equally, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside." -
Allows men of color and white men to vote. "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition..." -
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. As long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality. -
Prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. -
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. -
Prohibits racial discrimination in voting. Enforces the voting right guaranteed by the 14th and 15th amendments. -
The first major supreme court case that addressed that discrimination based on gender was unconstitutional because it denies equal protection. -
Prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or other education program that receives federal money. -
Bakke was declined a spot at the University of California because the school reserved 16 spots for minorities. The Supreme Court ruled that allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. -
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in terms of employment opportunities, access to transportation, public accommodations etc. -
The supreme court ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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