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declared that slaves and decencands of slaves were 3/5 of a person
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Book which displayed extreme examples of Southern Plantation owner's unfair treatment of African-American slaves
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Declared that African-Americans were not and could not become U.S. citizens
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It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public
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The 13th Amendment to the Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865
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gave equal protection to all citizens of the U.S. and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed
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The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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private college that offered blacks an education
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allowed seperate but equal facilities which led to further segregation
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case which sided with the seperate but equal ruling
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an emerging of African-American culture
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large race riot in chicago between black and white gangs
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prohibited racial discrimination in the national defense industry, promoted equal opportunity and prohibited employment discrimination in the United States
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end of wwii
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First African-American to play professional baseball
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desegregation of the military ordered by truman
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Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional
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Beating to death and dumping the body of African-American 14 year old Emmitt Till in a river, which sparked national controversy
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Invention of Rock n Roll which was scapegoated as "the devil's music" and used to maliciously depict African-Americans
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a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama
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The Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957
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the large-scale migration of whites to the suburbs
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form of direct action that involves one or more people nonviolently occupying an area for a protest (non violent protest)
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used to promote actions that achieve non-discrimination. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson enacted Executive Order 11246 which required government employers to take "affirmative action" to hire without regard to race, religion and national origin. In 1967, gender was added to the anti-discrimination list.
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Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961
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Famous speech given by Martin Luther King jr. in washington D.C.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
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the 54th Regiment was an infantry made up of mostly free blacks from the Massachusetts and Pennsylvania areas
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outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.
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Civil Rights movement that used violence to send messages rather than non-voilent protests
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six-day riot of African-Americans that resulted in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over $40 million in property damage
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1st black justice of the U.S.
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Assassination of MLK which turned him into a martyr
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1968 Summer Games in which the black power movement's signal of a black power was given on the podium
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First African-American President of the U.S.