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White Primary is Abolished in Georgia
White primaries are another way to keep blacks from exercising their rights. “White primaries were “Jim Crow” laws, practices used in the South in the late 1800s and early 1900s to marginalize African Americans politically.”(Hatfield) In the King V. Chapman case, the U.S. Supreme court declared white primaries unconstitutional. The Supreme Court ruled that white primaries went against the 15th amendment thus they were abolished. Primus E. King, a black man, was denied th right to vote. -
Intergration of Armed Forces
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation/large/index.php?action=chronology It was President Truman that had signed an order terminating segregation in the armed forces through administrative action instead of legislation. With the armed forces integrated more black men would be willing to fight. On top of that many African Americans and people of other races were beginning to demand equality. -
Brown Vs. Boars of Education
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education PIC. nps.gov There were 13 people involved, those “thirteen plaintiffs were: Oliver Brown, Darlene Brown, Lena Carper, Sadie Emmanuel, Marguerite Emerson, Shirley Fleming, Zelma Henderson, Shirley Hodison, Maude Lawton, Alma Lewis, Iona Richardson, and Lucinda Todd.”( wiki) The result that the Supreme Court declared was that laws saying that separate schools was unconstitutional. This verdict overturned the Plessey Vs. Ferguson case. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
The people involved in the Montgomery bus boycott were Rosa parks, Martin Luther King Jr., Edgar Nixon, and 40,000 other blacks participated in the Montgomery bus boycott. These people were upset with how Rosa parks and every other black was treated on the bus. The fifth of December, the Monday of Rosa Parks’ trial very few blacks rode the bus. Since blacks made up 75% of bus riders, many buses were economically hurt. This boycott lasted 381 days, and it eneded for the law had been repealed. -
Change to Georgia's state flag
http://www.senate.ga.gov/sro/Documents/StudyCommRpts/00StateFlag.pdf PIC. theflagcompany.us.com In 1956 there was a change made to Georgia's state flag. This change may not seem important, but on the contrary, it is important to our history as Georgians. The change made was the addition of the confederate flag to our state flag. They did this to amend Georgia military forces reorganization act of 1955. -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine" Continued
Since they were black and Central High School was an all-white school just weeks ago made it necessary for the students to be escorted in by federal troops, the students were verbally attacked while the black reporters covering the story were physically attacked. -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
http://www.arkansas.com/uniquely-arkansas/central-high/ In 1957 there was a crisis about segregation in schools. This crisis was called “The Crisis a Central High School.” This crisis was started when the verdict of the Brown V. board of education was reached and said that it was necessary to integrate schools for the segregation was unconstitutional. The “Little Rock Nine,” who added the fuel to the fire of this crisis, were just 9 black students from Little Rock. To Be Continued. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL. bombed
People in Atlanta have done mean things but bombing a religious center is just cruel. There was a total of 50 sticks of dynamite in a recessed entranceway. The explosion was not fatal; in fact there were no injuries. This place was targeted only for the fact that the people that did this thought of both Jews and blacks were “aliens.” In fact a reporter got a call that this was going to happen but the reporter did not take it seriously. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL. bombed continued
Along with the threat of this bombing, they said that any nightclubs that would not fire their negro employees would also be bombed, and they would bomb all communist organizations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_Temple -
Sibley Commission
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617 The Sibley Commission was a general assembly committee on schools. It was named after John Sibley who was the head of the commission. It regarded the=e schools system and the need to desegregate or integrate schools after the Brown V. Board of Education trial. -
Integration of The University of Georgia
The University of Georgia was told to integrate but refused for as long as possible, they declined the application of admission for Horace Ward on the 30th of September 1950. Later when ordered to have the immediate acceptance of Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes into the University of Georgia, Horace Ward was their lawyer. On January 11th after a loss to Georgia Tech many whites were upset and went outside Charlayne Hunter’s dorm and threw many dangerous objects at it. -
Integration of UGA Continued
August 1961 was when the third black to get accepted into the University of Georgia was Mary Frances Early, who was the first black to graduate from the University of Georgia. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides were a tactic made by the Congress of Racial Equality, or CORE, to desegregate public transportation. The first one included seven blacks and six whites, and went through the Deep South. They experienced hostility during the ride only minor at the beginning and the farther they went the more violent the southerners got. Inspired by the first 15 freedom riders, others tried it themselves, thus making Freedom Rides more popular in the Civil Right movements. -
Albany Movement
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 The Albany movement was not the success it was planned to be. The sheriff Laurie Pritchett had read Martin Luther King’s book and knew every move of the SNCC, and the way to contradict them. Since Laurie knew that they would try to get arrested and jails would fill up he had many backups, the SNCC had run out of protesters before Laurie Pritchett and Albany ran out of prisons thus making it a failure compared to Birmingham. -
Birmingham, AL protests
The Birmingham Alabama protests started as mostly nonviolent but later they disturbed a photographer that was once a marine combat photographer. This was one of the first protests to include children, most were sickened by this and how they were treated. As shown in the picture the police took fire hoses and sprayed them on full blast on children. Many highly ranked politicians wanted a civil rights Bill to put a needed end to the segregation that Birmingham was fighting so strongly for. -
March on Washington DC
The march on Washington dc was an extremely controversial; some African Americans thought it was a great idea while others, like Malcolm X, thought that it was a mistake. The march had started at Washington monument and ende at the Lincoln memorial where they had a closing ceremony which included speeches and musical performances. Mahalia Jackson, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, and Peter, Paul and Mary were some of the performers. -
March on Washington D.C. continued
The leaders of some of the many civil rights groups, CORE, SNCC, SCLC, NAACP, and NUL, had given the speeches.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Bombed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing The bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church located in Birmingham, at the time called Bombingham, happened at 10:22. Members of a Ku Klux Klan group called the United Klans of America had stuck 122 sticks of dynamite underneath stairs. At the time of the bombing 26 children were going down those stairs 4 of them were killed the other 22 were injured. -
John F. Kennedy assassinated
http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/November-22-1963-Death-of-the-President.aspx PIC. crimemagazine.com The day of Kennedy’s assassination he was in Texas campaigning for reelection. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. Later when being transported to the county jail from police head quarters, Oswald was shot point blank by Jack Ruby. To this day Kennedy’s assassination is still a huge controversy. Was there a second assassin on the grassy knoll? -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 The civil rights movement of 1964 was originally written up by John f Kennedy. After his assassination Lyndon b Johnson had stated the best way to commemorate JFK would be to get his civil rights bill passed. Later a very powerful Virginia democrat named Howard W. Smith had decided to add women to the bill to make it more appealing to everyone. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act The voting rights act of 1965 reiterated parts of the 14th amendment and all of the 15th. The 14th amendment granted citizenship to anyone born in the USA or choosing to become a citizen of the USA, while the 15th amendment gives them the right to vote. This act was signed in to law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_%28Atlanta%29#History PIC. ivanallenprize.gatech.edu The Summerhill riot was four days long. Thankfully there was only one death and 20 injuries. It was started by the SNCC due to a supposed act of police brutality. -
MLK assassinated
http://history1900s.about.com/cs/martinlutherking/a/mlkassass.htm PIC. martinlutherkingjrarchive.com Martin Luther king was a major leader in the civil rights movement. Earlier that year he had been to Memphis for a march which had become violent. After that he came back to Memphis for another march on April 8. On April 3 he gave a speech and then went to his hotel to rest, when he woke up the next morning he went out on the balcony and BOOM he was shot. -
All Georgia Schools Integreted.
http://mgagnon.myweb.uga.edu/students/3090/04SP3090-Jordan.htm PIC. pup.princeton.edu Brown v. Board of Education declared that schools be integrated but that it didn’t happen until 1971 shouldn’t shock you. Georgia is one of many states that didn’t integrate willingly. They put up quite a fight if it weren’t for everything that had happened before this it could have been many more years before all Georgia schools were integrated. -
The Day this Project is Due
This project had an occasional boring spot, but other than that this is one of my favorite project this year. Mrs Winkie is one of my favorite teachers, along with Mrs. Fleeman and Mrs. Poulson, making this project more fun. i learned alot that i didnt know and will never forget. thank you mrs winkie for making this a fun project and saving us from the wrath of pour language arts.
