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Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws were made to discriminate blacks after the 15th Amendment. Besides discrimination between blacks and whites, blacks had to pass a voter's literacy test, and stop interracial marriage. In a 1890 Supreme Court case, they declared that blacks could be "separate but equal". These laws and the Black Codes were destroyed during the Civil Rights Movement.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Black History Month
Black History Month was originally a week in February, Negro History Week, and created by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History or ASALH. The week was the second week of February to even in with Abraham Lincoln's and Fredrick Douglas' birthday. The celebration helps us to remember the different sacrifices that blacks made for their's and other's benefit.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-month -
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Civil Rights Movement
This was the time period blacks and other colored individuals fought to have the extent of their right, to end Black Codes, and Jim Crow Laws. -
Executive Order 8802
President Franklin Roosevelt opens and allows American citizens, of all races, to work on government positions and national defense. Many blacks start fighting in WWII. This gave blacks more freedom even if their was still discrimination.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Brown v. Board of Education
A Supreme Court case that declared segregated schools were unconstitutional. This was because many colored people dropped out of school or had worse teachers than whites. Many of their courses also didn't provide them the knowledge for collage. The forced equality of schools brought better education to African-Americans
https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/civil-rights-movement
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white and is arrested. She be came the "mother of modern day civil rights movement" as a result of her actions. Rosa Parks' act was the beginning for the Civil Rights Movement and closer racial equality.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Boycott of Montgomery Buses
Around 400,000 blacks, about 75% of the riders on the bus, boycotted the buses in Montgomery on December 5. In order to keep the boycott until December 21, 1956, the day the Supreme Court said segregated buses were unconstitutional, carpools and lower taxi rates were made although many still walked.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
The MIA was founded in 1955, at the start of the boycott of Montgomery's buses. It was originally founded by E.D. Nixon and Jo Ann Robinson but was joined by Martin Luther King Jr. as a leader during the same year. The association was a main part in the Civil Rights Movement.
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/montgomery-improvement-association-1955-1969 -
Little Rock Nine
Nine black students entered Central High School, but were denied by Arkansas National Guard and a violent mob. Finally, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect the nine black students. The Little Rock Nine, as they were known, still had to face prejudgment and harassment.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
The Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was made to involve students in the Civil Rights Movement after four African-American college students took a stand. They stood against discrimination by staying at a lunch counter without being served. This also helped to teach students to stand up for their ideals and rights.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
"I Have a Dream..."
Also known as the March on Washington, 200 thousand people of all races marched at Washington D.C. in peaceful protest. the purpose of the march was equal jobs for everyone and forcing civil rights legislation.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Bloody Sunday
Peaceful protesters, about 600, were beaten and teargassed by Alabama and the local police near the Edmond Pettus Bridge when advocating for enforcement of the 15th Amendment and protesting killing black right advocates. Bloody Sunday showed the existing racial tensions and that many didn't want to deviate from their existing path.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 added on to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Together, the Acts banned literacy voting tests, poll taxes, gave equal employment, integrated public facilities, and in certain areas, federal examiners for voting. As expected, black voter ship raised from both laws, the Voting Rights and Civil Rights Act.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Interracial Marriage
After three other attempts to have interracial marriage legal in 1871, 1912 and 1928, interracial marriage gains ground. The Supreme Court declares that banning interracial marriage is unconstitutional with Alabama being the last to allow it in 2000.
https://www.thoughtco.com/interracial-marriage-laws-721611 -
Assassinations
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April fourth, on his hotel balcony. Another leader, Malcolm X was assassinated before on February 21, 1965. These assassinations lead to great declines of to Civil Rights Movement.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Fair housing Act of 1968
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 allowed equal housing despite race, gender, religion, and national origin. Meaning that their could no longer be whites only places, like hotels. This was the last legislation of the Civil Rights Movement.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement
