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The Dred Scott v. Sandford was a case in the 19th century that was over the legality of Mr. Scott being brought as a slave into states where slavery was illegal. It was ruled 7-2 in favor of John Sandford, saying that since Dred Scott had no rights as an American citizen, these law's didn't apply to him.
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Neither slavery nor indentured servitude are legal in the United States, unless as a severe punishment. Essentially, Slavery is illegal throughout all the states, and Congress has the authority to enforce this legislation by appropriate legislation.
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Everyone born within the boarders of the United States are to be granted citizenship. All former slaves or members of indentured servitude are also granted full citizenship.
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Essentially, every citizen in the United States of American has the undeniable right to vote. Congress shall have the authority to pass legislation and enforce this.
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This case was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that set forth the idea of "Separate but Equal", meaning that White people and Minorities would have all of the same federal benefits, but the "cross the streams". All of the facilities were equal in quality. This case was such a big deal not only because of the outcome, but that the Supreme Court's intentions were to keep minorities away from white areas and utilities.
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This amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote given to citizens of the United States on the basis of gender.
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These were elections in Southern States that didn't allow and/or count votes from minorities. It was a discriminatory act to keep white southerners on top of the food chain.
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This case issued that racially segregated schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise of equal quality. This case of in Topeka, Kansas.
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The right to vote in primary or other elections will not be taken away for hindrance in paying taxes. Congress shall have the power to enforce this through legislation.
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This act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. These new laws also covered occupational events, such as hiring, promoting, and firing.
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These are policies and practices within a government or organization that want to include minorities of any stature in areas where they weren't generally welcome.
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The Poll Taxes were discriminating taxes in the United States (primarily the south) that required different levels of education and other items less likely to be had by the poor and minorities, that kept them from voting. These taxes were made illegal by the 24th Amendment.
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An act placed to enforce the 15th amendment, this act outlawed the voting discriminating laws in the South. It was signed in by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
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A case that revolved around the initial ownership of estates, and whether the men getting "first dibs" was illegal. Their son passed away and the defendant and the prosecutor both wanted ownership. The father initially got it because Idaho gave men the right. The Supreme Court held that the Idaho law was unconstitutional, since it isn't gender-equal. RBG was part of the court, and it was a unanimous decision.
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This case revolved around racial discrimination, and efforts of the opposite, and determining what was too far. The University wanted to save 16 out of 100 seats for Minority Students, but since this was a severe racial factor and potentially violated the Equal Protection Clause, they lost the case.
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This amendment, though not officially in the American Constitution, grants all American citizens equal rights across the board. This would have a significant impact for labor laws and the military. It has still never been ratified, with anti-ERA groups working to shut the movements down.
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This case ruled that homosexual sex between consenting adults was illegal. It was stated as a crime "worse than rape" and "a crime not fit to be named". Though made illegal here, it would be overruled in Lawrence v. Texas.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. This covers employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications, and access to government programs. To the American government, a disability is any physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.
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This case was essentially the sequel to Bowers v. Hardwick, but laws against homosexuality are deemed unconstitutional and homosexuality is now legal again.
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This supreme court case was the final blow to anti-same-sex marriage activists, for this case made same-sex marriage legal nation-wide, no matter what state laws say. It gave legal status to the marriage, and the recognition. Justice Kennedy asserted that the right to marry is a fundamental right "inherent in the liberty of the person".
