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Plessy v. Ferguson
That upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. Because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation. As a controlling legal precedent, it prevented constitutional challenges to racial segregation for more than half a century until it was finally overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. -
The Tuskegee Airmen
the first African American pilots in United States military service, who proved that Black men could fly advanced aircraft in combat as well as their white counterparts. -
The Integration of Major League Baseball
They feared that white audiences would not pay to watch African American players -
Armed Forces
Help maintain peace and stability in regions critical to U.S. interests and underwrite U.S. defense commitments around the world. -
The Supreme Court Decision of Sweatt v. Painter
The Court held that the Equal Protection Clause required that Sweatt be admitted to the university. The Court found that the "law school for Negroes," which was to have opened in 1947, would have been grossly unequal to the University of Texas Law School. -
Brown v. Board of Education
the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The 1954 decision declared that separate educational facilities for white and African American students were inherently unequal. -
Death of Emmitt Till
While visiting family in Money, Mississippi, 14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, is brutally murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman four days earlier. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating -
Little Rock High School
The epicenter of confrontation and a catalyst for change as the fundamental test for the United States to enforce African American civil rights following Brown v. Board of Education -
The Civil Rights Act of 1957
The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote. -
The Greensboro Four Lunch
when young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. -
The Freedom Rides
A series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and whites who rode buses together through the American South sought to test a 1960 decision by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia that segregation of interstate transportation facilities, including bus terminals, was unconstitutional a -
The Twenty Fourth Amendment
Sought to test a 1960 decision by the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia that segregation of interstate transportation facilities, including bus terminals, was unconstitutional a -
The Integration of the Univesity of Mississippi
federal marshals and national guardsmen to get James Meredith to class after a violent campus uprising. Two people were killed and more than 300 injured. Some historians say the integration of Ole Miss was the last battle of the Civil War -
The integration of the university of alabama
A federal district court in Alabama ordered the University of Alabama to admit African American students Vivien Malone and James Hood during its summer session. -
The March on Washingtion
Washington for Jobs and Freedom in the nation's capital. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed by President Johnson
Prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. It was the most sweeping civil rights -
The Assassination of John F Kennedy
sparked the idealism of “a new generation of Americans” with his charm and optimism, championed the U.S. space program, and showed cool dynamic leadership during the Cuban missile crisis, before becoming the victim of an assassination