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White Primary is Abolished
Link to SourceGovernor Ellis Arnal said that the system of a white primary system was unconstitutional. It disenfranchised black voters. He enforced the court decision to stop the practice of white primary. Blacks could now vote in the primary elections. There was a loophole. The general election was the primary election and by the time blacks voted, someone was already chosen. This was a time of relievement for someone like Primus King who can vote now. -
White primary abolish picture link
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Integration of the Armed Forces
link to pictureIn February of 1948, President Harry Truman signs executive order 9981 ordering the U.S. Military to desegregate, although integration does not occur until after another war and years to come (Digital History). It was observed that by integrating combat units, they were able to increase combat efficiency and raise morale. This was crucial to the needs of the U.S. Army and the Marine Corps. As early as the American Revolution, blacks were fighting for the freedom of the United States even though -
Brown vs Board of Education
link to picture<http://tinyurl.com/2km2e >Linda Brown's family attempted to sue the Topeka Board of Education. Although at first they went to the NAACP for help. Many other black families joined the NAACP to try to sue. In trial, Board of Education argues that segregated schools prepared black children for future segregation. The case was finally observed by the Supreme Court. After numerous debates, and referring to Plessy vs. Ferguson, they order the desegretation of schools. Did not abolish all segregation. -
Change to Georgia State Flag
link to sourceAn attorney named John Sammons Bell suggested the new flag design. Senators Jefferson Lee Davis and Willis Harden then wrote a new bill that would change the flag to the suggestion. The new flag was supposed to honor those Georgians who fought in the Civil War. Others however, thought of it as a symbol to Georgia's resistance to integration. It was changed again in 2001 but still had the previous flag imprinted on the new flag. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
link to picturelinkA mid-aged woman named Rosa Parks, was riding the bus when suddenly a white man asked her to give up her seat even though she was next to the window so there was room. After refusing to give up her seat, she was arrested. This starts this event. Word was completely spread on the new uprising. During this time, blacks would refuse to ride the bus and instead used a carpooling system. Although the police harassed them by arresting those who were waiting for loitering. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott *CONTINUED
arresting those who stood to wait for a car for loitering. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the SCLC, triest to help the NAACP by encouraging negros and blancos to find non-violent ways to protest. They also organized marches and gatherings. The blancos against desegregation react in violent ways still. Since the bus business lost 75% of their riders, the Boycott proves harmful to the economy and there is not choice but to pass laws against segregation on bus transits. -
Crisis at Central High School
link to pictureLink to sourceThe crisis began when nine black students known as "the little rock nine" were trying to enroll in a white high school. The governor himself ordered the Arkansas National Guard to guard the school to prevent the students from attending. The U.S. president had enough. President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the guards and sent the 101st Airborne to oversee integration. Eight out of the nine students graduated at that high school. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Bombed
Link to source and pictureThe temple was bombed in the morning by someone called General Gordon of the Confederate Underground in an attempt to set an example and target the rabbi. The rabbi was thought to be targeted because he supported integration. The bombers also said any nightclubs refusing to fire their black employees will be bombed too. They refer to facilities who employed blacks as "communist organizations" and said all jews/blacks are aliens. -
Sibley Commission
link to pictureSibley Commission The Sibley Commission was founded by Governor Ernist Vandiver to get feedback from the people on segregation. The Governor made this commission because U.S. Federal Government forced him to make a decision based on whether or not to desegregate or to not have anymore funding to the schools. The feedback shows people would rather see the schools close than desegregated. The governor decided to cut off funds but slowly desegregate. -
Integration of UGA
link to pictureLink to sourceTwo black students, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter, are admitted to attend UGA with guards. Politicians beg the governor to close the school instead of let them attend. Governor ignores them and both graduate after being were harassed, taunted, and threatened. The response by the governor was able to keep violence at a down low and prevented a more destructive outcome. -
Freedom Rides
Link to Source and pictureThe Freedom Rides was a system of a strategy used to attempt to eliminate segregation in public transportation led by CORE. They tried to test the supreme court's ruling by riding on two public buses to the deep south. At first, violence was at a minimum but sooner came to its extremes. A bus was left in flames in Anniston AL, and riders were attacked in Birmingham and had to be evacuated. John Lewis, one of them, chose to stay. -
Freedom Rides *CONTINUED
After these violences, they regrouped the organization and continued to Montgomery, only to be greeted with more violence. 1000 blancos were attacking them as they arrived and made people ask the government for help. President Kennedy was pressured. After continuing to Missisipi, they finally generated more publicity after more violence. Finally their influence spread to airports and train stations. Rules against segregation were now enforced. -
Birmingham AL, protests
link to picture link to source Since there was a huge amount of support from the north, Dr. MLK wanted to organize another massive protest in Birmingham AL, hoping to anger whoever opposed integration. In 1963, a rally of blacks, including high school students marching on their own, marched through Birmingham to protest against segregation. Birmingham commissioner used violence to oppose King. -
Birmingham AL, protests *CONTINUED
Water cannons, clubs, and attack dogs were used to injure and hurt the protesters. Many people were injured in the protests. Even though many thought they wouldn't hurt the minors also, they were wrong. Many children protesters were hurt. King, along many other protesters were arrested and put into jail. From jail, King wrote his "Letter from Birmingham Jail". -
March on Washington
link to pictureLink to source and pictureThe march on Washington DC was organized byA. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King, Jr., John Lewis, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, and Bayard Rustin. The purpose was to protest against cruel treatment and for jobs and freedom. It began at the Washington Monument and ended at the Lincoln Memorial where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech. The march came out as peaceful in contradiction to many predictions. -
Bombing *CONTINUED
-the crime scene but all FBI operators showed no sign of wanting to even solve it. Finally in 1977 only one of the bombers were condemned. -
Bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church
link to pictureLink to sourceGovernor George Wallace was forced to integrate in Birmingham but segregationalists weren't very happy. They themselves wanted to protest against integration using violence. So they planted a bomb in the local baptist church basement where class was to be held. The bomb killed and injured Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, Cynthia Wesley, and Addie Mae Collins. Blacks got really angry and started to protest. FBI was to solve -
Assasination of JFK
Link for picture and textPresident JFK was assasinated while driving a motorcycle through Dallas, Texas. His wife, in total startle, was sitting right next to him in the shooting. He was rushed to the hospital but pronounced dead at 1P.M. His body was flown back to the U.S. Capital city with his vice president Lyndon Johnson. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for murder of a policeman and for the assasination of the president. He was interrogated but killed. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
Link to source and pictureSigned into law by President Lyndon Johnson, this bill came to to outlaw discrimination against race in employment, discrimination in public facilities, and in government. This bill promised equal opportunity in employement for all races. It also ensured the right to vote, relief against discrimination, and allowed the Attorney general to file lawsuits to protect education, constitutional rights, and more. It established EEOC. -
Voting Rights Act 1965
Link to picture Link to source This bill was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson after being proposed by President John F. Kennedy. This law guarentees equal voting rights, prohibits discrimination and segregation based by any public facility, prohibits discrimination by schools, employers, and businesses, orders the desegregation of schools, and confirms no discrimination when distributing federal funds. -
Summerhill race riot
link to sourceA riot starts in the Summerhill neighborhood and resulted in hundreds arrested. Blacks were rioting after a suspected car thief is shot by a white cop trying to escape. SNCC is deemed responsible for the riot. Julian Bond resigns from the SNCC after this event. -
Assassination of MLK
Link to pictureLink to sourceMLK was assassinated in Memphis, Tennesee by a bullet to the face. He was originally there to organize a march for sanitation workers. He was proclaimed dead at 7:05 P.M. in Saint Joseph Hospital. James Earl Ray was tracked all the way in London, England with a fake ID trying to get to Rhodesia. He was brought back to the U.S. to face trials where he pleaded guilty. He was sentenced 99 years in prison. -
Assassination of MLK *CONTINUED
When King died, a lot of people in Atlanta and other states were upset with his death and wanted whoever killed him to be caught. His funeral was held in Atlanta, where he was born. -
All Georgia Schools integrated
link to sourceBy 1971, all schools in Georgia were integrated by the order of the government. Although there were not enough black teachers to teach in the schools to consider them fully integrated, they were soon transferred to schools in Georgia. Schools have two co-principals, one black and one white.
