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Sunday school bombing
The 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed on Sunday as an act of racially motivated terrorism. The explosion at the African-American church, which killed four girls, marked a turning point in the U.S. 1960s Civil Rights Movement. It shocked many Americans and outraged civil rights leaders. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War using his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion, thus applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S. at that time. The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves, with nearly all the rest freed as Union armies advanced. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery. -
13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship, prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness, and requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction for African Americans. -
15th Amendment
Prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" -
Plessy v. ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson is a landmark supreme court decision that segragation sould be seprate but equal. The only problem with this is that over time it was not equal. it stayed separate but it was not equal. Plessy bought a firstclass ticket and got on the white part of the trian. He was kicked off but it created the Court case that decided separate but equal. -
19th Amendment
Prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. -
Smith v. Allwright
Smith v. Allwright was a very important decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation. Lonnie E. Smith, a black voter in Harris County, Texas, sued county election official S. S. Allwright for the right to vote in a primary election becuase he could not vote. The Court agreed that the restricted primary denied Smith his protection under the law and found in his favor. -
Executive Order
This order issued by Harry S. Truman abolished racial segregation in the armed forces. It stated that all shall have equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all races, religions, or national origins.It helped to Create equality in our military. and also was another step towards equality for all. -
Brown v. Board of Education
A class action suit filled against the Board of Education in Topeka Kansas. The suit called for the school district to reverse its policy of racial segregation. The three-judge District Court panel found that segregation in public education has a detrimental effect upon negro children, but denied relief on the ground that the negro and white schools in Topeka were substantially equal with respect to buildings, transportation, curricular, and educational qualifications of teachers. -
Emmitt Till Murder
Emmitt Till's murder sparked the Civil rights movement. It helped start the creation of equal rights inbetween minorities and whites. Emmitt an african american boy of the age fourteen, was murdered by two white men. He alledgedly whistled at a white women which was very forbidden in that area. Many of the men were afraid to even look at them bacause of the fear of what may happen to them. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
It was a political and social protest campaign intended to oppese the cities policy of racial segregation on the busses. Martin King Jr. took place in these boycotts as well as rosa parks. They refused to get off the bus and sat in the "white" seats. They were kicked off but it created a Very big hole in racial segregation. -
Civil Rights Act 1957
Primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. There had been continued physical assaults against suspected activists and bombings of schools and churches in the South. The administration of Eisenhower proposed legislation to protect the right to vote by African Americans. -
Greensboro and Nasville sit-ins
These sit-ins were series of non violent protests which led to heled reverse segregation. Students would go into restuarants and sit down were the were not allowed untill they were served. Many times they would not get served but somtimes they would serve them so they would leave. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States. It is estimated that almost 450 riders participated in one or more Freedom Rides. They rode and opposed segregation to achieve their longterm goal. Their goal like most minority activists. Some of the riders were arrested though they got their point across -
march on washington for jobs and freedom
The great March on washington as it is somtimes refered as caused a national uproar. It was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in the United States. It was trying to get freedom and rights for the Africean americans. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a dream" speech when they reached Washington. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
Outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.Fair Housing Act and was meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibited discrimination in housing, there were no federal enforcement provisions. The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and gender, also protects people with disabilities
