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Black Code
The Black codes in the United States were any of numerous laws enacted in the states of the former Confederacy after the American Civil War, in 1865 and 1866; the laws were designed to replace the social controls of slavery that had been removed by the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and were thus intended to assure continuance of white supremacy. -
Sharecropping
black families would rent small plots of land, or shares, to work themselves; in return, they would give a portion of their crop to the landowner at the end of the year. -
Plessy Vs Ferguson
On 1896 the Supreme Court ruled segregation constitutional using "separate-but-equal" facilities. -
jim crow laws
“It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoes or checkers.” -
CORE
CORE is the third oldest and one of the “Big Four” civil rights groups in the United States.They protested “Jim Crow” laws in the 40’s, participated in the “Sit-ins” of the 50’s, and were involved in the “Freedom Rides” of the 60’s. -
Bown Vs Board of Education
The Brown Vs the Board of Education ruled in favor that segregation public schools is unconstitutional -
Desegregation
the elimination of laws, customs, or practices under which people from different religions, ancestries, ethnic groups, etc., are restricted to specific or separate public facilities, neighborhoods, schools, organizations -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
the purpose of their meeting was to plan a large scale boycott against the Montgomery city bus lines. Forty thousand hand bills were printed and passed out among the members of the black community. In addition, on December 4, Black ministers throughout the city conveyed the message from their pulpits. The boycott began on Monday, December 5, and it was an immediate success. -
Orval Faubus
He stood against segregation of the Little Rock school district during the Little Rock crisis.Eisenhower had to send troops to Arkansas to protect the African-American students. Faubus shut down Little Rock High Schools for a year because of this. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Little Rock Nine
nine black students were to attend classes there for the first time. Many people did not like this and the military were sent to protect these students -
Non-Violent Protest
peaceful demonstration of opposition -
Civil Disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
lynching
A lynching is an unlawful murder by an angry mob of people. Throughout history, dominant groups have used lynchings as a way of controlling minorities. -
Affirmative Action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. -
Cesar Chaves
was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who,o-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
Betty Friedman
Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested a because he and others were protesting the treatment of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama. A court had ordered that King could not hold protests in Birmingham. -
U of Alabama Integration
African American students James Hood and Vivian Malone successfully desegregated the University by registering at Foster Auditorium in spite of George Wallace's famous "stand in the schoolhouse door." -
Lester Maddox
Maddox is a symbol of the effective ways in which segregationists, like civil rights activists, also could support through the media Maddox's support of segregation may have at least assured them that to be white meant to be superior to black people. -
George Wallace
President Lyndon Johnson commanded Governor Wallace to mobilize Alabama's National Guard units to protect Selma marchers. Wallace refused, claiming the state was "financially unable" to do so. Wallace became perhaps the most prominent national icon of segregationist resistance to the Civil Rights Movement. -
black panthers
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, African American revolutionary party, -
Hector P. Garcia
an advocate for Hispanic-American rights during the Chicano movement. He was the first Mexican-American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission and was awarded the Medal of Freedom. -
Strokely Caramichael
a civil rights activist and national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1966 and 1967. He is credited with popularizing the term "Black Power." -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was a U.S. Supreme Court justice and civil rights advocate. he was legal counsel for the (NAACP), he guided the case of Jim Crow segregation. Also he was an the nation’s first black to be on the supreme court justice -
Mach on Washington
this was a day of speeches, songs, prayers, and protest. Organized by civil rights activists and supported by labor unions and religious organizations an estimated 250,000 people gathered together to petition for racial equality. -
14th Amendment
No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
