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Dred Scott filed a suit in Missouri for his freedom since he resided in a free territory. He lost his case since the judges ruled that no "negro" or descendant of slaves could be a citizen in the sense of Article III of the Constitution. -
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the U.S. and restricted labor unless a crime is committed within the nation or any place to their jurisdiction. -
The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States including formerly enslaved people. -
The 15th amendment states that the right given to Americans to vote can't be denied no matter what race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
The Plessy v. Ferguson case was a case involving the Separate Car Act. Homer Plessy volunteered to test the act since it went against his 13th & 14th amendment rights and ended up getting arrested for sitting in a white train car. He was taken to trial and lost to the Supreme Court. -
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote! The right of the citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied based on sex. -
The Brown v. Board of Education case was relating to racial segregation in public schools. Students of color had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated. It was then ruled that segregation was okay in public places, but not when it comes to race. Everyone's separate but equal. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed the discriminatory voting practices found mostly in southern states. This also included prerequisite literacy testing after the Civil War. -
The Reed v. Reed case was about two parents whose adopted son had just passed away and were trying to both seek the administrator position of his estate. The Idaho Probate Code states that men should be preferred over women even if both are qualified. The mom argued that in court and they ruled that gender should not be discriminated against when ruling an administrator. -
Title IX is a law that was enacted that prevented gender discrimination. Each gender was given the equal right to an educational athletic system, activities, and federal financial assistance. -
The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case was about a man who said that racial quotas violated protection as mentioned in the 14th amendment. Racial quotas were then found unconstitutional and Bakke ended up getting admitted into the school. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. This applies to employment, transportation, public events, and access to state/federal services. -
The Obergefell v. Hodges case was one that challenged a few states' on their bans of same-sex marriage. Not being allowed to marry an individual of one's choosing violates the 14th amendment of the Constitution. It was later ruled that the challengers were right and could marry whoever they want. This also opened up many new doors for the LGBTQIA community.
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