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Dred Scott was an African American from Missouri. He was a slave who moved from Missouri to Illinois, which was a free state. Scott returned to Missouri and went to court for his freedom, stating that he was now a free man because he was a resident on free territory. When he lost that case his master claimed that no dependent of slaves could be a citizen according to Article III of the consituition.
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Slavery and Involuntary servitude, unless as a punishment for a crime, will not exist in the United States. -
No state is allowed to enforce any law that takes away the privileges or immunities of citizens in the United States. They also are not allowed to deprive a person of life, liberty or property. -
The citizens of the United States shall have a right to vote and will not be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Louisiana had a Separate Car Act, which required separate railway cars for blacks and whites. A man named plessy who was seven-eighths Caucasian agreed to participate in a test to challenge the Act. They asked Plessy, who was technically black under Louisiana law, to sit in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train. When Plessy was told to vacate the whites-only car, he refused and was arrested.
The court decided that Louisiana could enforce this law and he was convicted. -
The right for women to vote as long as she was an American Citizen. -
This case had to do with the segregation of public schools on the basis of race. African American students had been denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws allowing public education to be segregated by race. They argued that such segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The plaintiffs were denied relief in the lower courts based on Plessy v. Ferguson. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination. It was no longer acceptable to treat people differently because of race, color, religion, sex.The Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. -
It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
The Idaho Probate Code specified that "males must be preferred to females" in appointing administrators of estates. After the death of their adopted son, both Sally and Cecil Reed sought to be named the administrator of their son's estate. According to the Probate Code, Cecil was appointed administrator and Sally challenged the law in court. -
Prohibited discrimination in education based off if you were a boy or a girl. If the business received federal financial assistance it was not allowed to discriminate based off that persons sex. -
Allan Bakke had applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected both times. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities, as part of the university's affirmative action program. Bakke's GPA and test scores exceeded those of any of the minority students admitted in the two years Bakke's applications were rejected. Bakke fought and said it was because of his race that he was not accepted. -
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities with things like employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government' programs and services. -
In Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee people challenged the states' bans on same-sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same-sex marriages that occurred in jurisdictions that provided for such marriages.
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