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Malcolm X
He adopted the X in his name to represent his lost African name. He was born on May 19, 1925. he was released from prison in 1952.He converted himself to the Nation of Islam. the religion had very strict rules they couldnt drink or do drugs and the races had to be sepperated but when he came back to the US not to much later he was shot and killed they blame it on three members of the Nation of Islam -
Nation of Islam
Its a religious sect headed by Elijah Muhammad. the group prescribed strict rules of behavior, including no drugs or alcohol and demanded a separation of the races. -
Brown vs. the Board of Educuation
Texas had failed to provide equal educuation experiences. they challenged the "seperate but equal" way of segragation in the schools. -
Earl Warren
He was one of the main guys that really helped enforce that blacks and whites are not to be forced to go to different schools. without earl warren helping out this would have taken a lot longer time to actually enforce because he did most the work that eventually led to the enforcement of this law which was huge. -
Thurgod Marshall
An African American lawyer from Baltimore. Applied to the university of Maryland Law Schoolbut got turned down because he was Afrcan American, he ended up goin toHoward University (an al black school) and in 1936 he joined the NAAP legal team -
Rosa Parks
she was an African American seamstress. She boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and sat down in an empty seat but a few stops later the bus driver requested that she give up her seat for a white man which is the law in Montgomery. She Got arrested because she wouldnt give up her seat. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) coordinated the boycott, and its president, Martin Luther King, Jr., became a prominent civil rights leader as international attention focused on Montgomery. The bus boycott demonstrated the potential for nonviolent mass protest successfully. -
Martin Luther King, Jr
A baptist minister. He delivered a speeh that day that brought theroud to its feet. noting that African americans were tired of segregation and oppresion, He declares that there was no alternative but to protest. He called for the protest to be non violent. He was made leader of he boycott at the time. -
Cival Rights Act of 1957
This law established the United States Civil Rights Commission, which hadd the power to investigate violations of the civil rights. Gave the US Attorney General greater power to protect the voting rights of african Americans. First cical rights bill passed by congress since Reconstruction. -
SNCC
SNCC (Student NonViolent Coordination Comittee) Its goalwas to creat a grass roots movement that involved all classes of Adrocan Americans in the struggle to defeat white racism and to obtain equality. -
Freedom Ride
Riders set off in two seperate busses from washington D.C., bound for New Orleans. En route they defied segregationist code.After departing from anniston posegregationist fire bombed one of the buses. when the second one arrived in birmingham a whie mon attacked the riders. -
Twenty-fourth Amendment
It banned the poll tax, which keep poor African Americans from voting. -
Medgar Evers
This was the day he was going to his first day of college. people all over town heard about his arrival at thier "white" school which made them really mad sooo they created a mob that attacked him and the marshals that were guarding him in hop that it would scare him off and he wouldnt come back to the school. He graduated a year later and was leter assasinated in June of 1963 -
March on Washington
the march on washington drew more then 200,000 people to washington, D.C. it was a large movement towards civil rights and it almost resembled a large parade throughout washington. out of all the people there, over a quarter of them were whites. this was a large push towards civil rights. -
Freedom Summer
about 1,000 volunters mostly black and white students were to flood mississippi. they would focus on registering African Americans to vote. they would also form the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) an alternative to the states all white regular democratic Party -
Civil rights act of 1964
The act baned segegation in public accommodations and gave the federal government the ability to compel state and local school boards o desegregate thier school.also allowed the Justice Department to proseute individuals who violated peoples civil ights and outlawed discrimination in employment on accont of race, color, sec, or national origin. -
Voting Rights Act
The act banned literacy test and empowered the federal government to oversee voting registration and elections in states that had discriminated agaisnt minorities. In 1975, Congress extended coverage to Hispanic voters in the south west -
Black Power
Carmichael first used the term "Black Power" in 1966. that same year james meredith had set off on a "March Agaisnt Fear" across the state of mississippi but he was shot after he hit 20 miles. others vowed to continue the march. when they reached Greenwood some marchers were arrested. after his release Carmichael told a crowd that African Americans needed "Black Power" later said that it meant they should collevtively ise their economic and political muscle to gain equality. -
Black Panthers
Became the symbol of young militant african americans. The Black Powers organized armed patrols of urban neighborhoods to protect people from police abuse. they also created anti poverty programs such as free breakfast for poor African American Children. they really gained national attention when they entered the state capitol in Sacramento carrying shotguns and wearing black leather jackets and berets to protest attempts to restrict their right to bear arms. -
Kerner Commission
It concluded that long term racial discrimination stood as the single most important cause of violence. the commision also recommended establishing and expanding federal programs aimed at overcoming the problems of Americas urban ghettos.
