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13th Amendment
President Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves. congress passed the 13th amendment that outlawed slavery and guaranteed due process, equal prtection and voting rights to all Americans -
14th amendemnt
Ratified on July 28th, 1868. Granted citizenship to those who were "born or naturalized in the United states" including the slaved that were free after the Civil War. Many southerners Reconstruction amendment wich forbid any state from taking anyone's "life, liberty, or property" -
15th amendment
Alows American citizens to vote and not be dinied that right due to race, color, or previous condition of servitude -
Jim Crow
Racial segregation state or local laws, separeated whites from colored people. Blacks/ colored people were given inferiror treatment. colors had to use separate things and were denied some of the privileges/ pleasures or life. sich as having to go to a different school, sitting in a different section of the bus, and using different resturants -
literacy test
a test that potential voters had to take in the 1890s to 1960s. the test would determine if the voter was literate or smart enought to have the right to vote or not. they were intended to keep African- Americans from being able to vote. the voting rights act ended the use of literacy tests -
plessyv. Ferguson
plessy went to the supreme court challanging the "separate but equal" states would use to segregate races. the court ruled that it did not violate his 13th or 14th amendment, plessy lost the case -
19th amendment
granted women the right to vote or women sufferage. Women didn't have the right to vote before 1848. During 1848 the movement for women sufferage started rising as a national level. the First convention was held in Seneca Falls -
Korematsu V. United States
During WW2 Presidential Executive Order and congress gave the military authority to arrest any citizen of Japanese decent to evacuate west coast. Korematsu was convicted for failing to comply with the order. The Supreme court ruled the government to be in the right and within the war powers -
Sweatt V. Painter case
happened in 1946, Heman Marion Sweatt, and african american man, applied for admission to the University of Texas Law yet the school was resricted to whites only. Sweatt's application was immediately rejected due to his race and when heman went to the court asking for admission since it violated the 14th amendment. the University of Texas Law defended themselves by setting up a university just for African Americans -
Brown v, Board of Education
Supreme court declared state laws that segregate public schools are unconstitutional. it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. althought it did not fully desegregate the schools at the time, it did put the consitution on the racial equality side -
Montgomery BusBoycott
Lasted from December 5th, 1955 to December 20th, 1956. It was the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in th U>S> This public act began on the day Rosa Parks Hearing about how she refused to give up her seat on the bus -
Affirmative Action
President John F. Kennedy signed Executive Order 10925, ordering that federally funded projects take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits taxing people when they vote. This amendment was placed because Southerners wanted African Americans not to vote, so they thought that if they had to put a toll tax African-Americans would not vote -
Poll taxes
equal taxes places on adults during voting time. Many SOutherners did this to deny Afican-Americans the right to vote. Poll taxes were made illegal by the 24th amendment -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex or national origin. It was proposed by President John F. Kennedy, but many Southerners opposed to this idea -
Voting rights act of 1965
signed by President Johnson to end racial discrimination in voting. it was put into the constitution at the height of the civil rights movement -
Robert Kennedy speech on Indianapolis Upon death of MLK
Predient Robert Kennedy gave a speech for the Ghetter region of Indianapolis about the assasination of Martin Luther King Jr. and gave comforting words of respect -
reed v. Reed
in Idaho a code was set up that specifically said "males must be preferred to females" in apoointing administrators or estates. A death of a little boy between parents Sally and Ceil Reed was what started the whole situation. the parents were living apart and when they heard of the death of their son both parents wanted their son's land. In law ceil got the land over Sally -
Regents of the University of California v. Blakke
Blakke was a white applicant to the University of California, Davis Medical School, sued the university for denial of admission on racial grounds. Violation the equal protection clasue of the 14th amendment -
Equal rights amendment
intended to give women voting rights. states are not able to gnore this amendment and have to give this right to its people -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Micheal Hardwick was observed by a Georgia police officer while engaging in an act of consensual homosexual sodomy with another adult in the bedroom of his home. Hardwick was charged with violation a Georiga stature that criminalized Sodomy. When Hardwick went to court, he didnt have a claim, making the judge dismiss the case -
Americans with disabilities Act
it made it unlawful for employers with 15 or more employees to discriminate against a qualified individual with a disablility. the ones covered with ADA (Americans with Disablilites Act) have to have 15 or more employees. -
Lawrence v. Texas
ploice had found two men engaging in homosexual activity in their home and were arrested under Texas stature that prohibits sexual conduct between two males. the supreme court ruled that even though homosexual cinduct is not a fundamental right, sexual relationships between consenting adults is protected by the 14th amendment. -
Fishers v. University of Texas
Abigail N. Fisher, a white female, applied for undergraduate admission to University of Texas. She was not in the top ten percent of her class, and had to compete with admission. The university denied her admission. Fisher went to the supreme court saying that the use of race as consideration in admission was violating her 14th amendment rights. The supreme court sided with fishers. -
Indiana's Gay rights court battle
indiana took the case of same-sex marriage to the Supreme Court to settle. So far there hasn't been any change and the Inadan's case along with many other state cases have been put on hold
