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New England foundation
Regrouped 6 founding colonies : Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, Connecticut and New Hampshire. -
The Pequot War
Puritans pursued territory in the Mystic River Valley for expansion, because there was a lack of land to settle. However it was home to the Pequot Indians, thus leading to war. -
Providence plantation
Bought from the Native American population by Roger Williams, first plantation of the State of Rhode Island -
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King Philip's War
Pokunoket chief Metacom (King Philip) led an uprising to drive out the English settlers. Metacom was captured and beheaded.
Puritan saw the defeat of the Indians as God's sign. -
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The Spanish Texas
Not greatly developed territory, it had an important fort military defense, and known for its cattle raising (especially "longhorns").
Some Franciscan missionaries were there to convert the indigenous people. -
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French and Indian war
Also known as the Seven Years War. Opposed English militias to French militias for the dominion of Northern America territory -
Proclamation Line
Bone of contention between the British and the Americans.
Britain decided that the Indians needed protection. Americans could not settle past that line. Aim : pacify the situation. -
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War of Independence
opposed the Thirteen Colonies to the British -
Declaration of independence of the United States of America
announced by the thirteen colonies of New England, signed by the "Founding Fathers" -
Resolution on Public Lands
The National Government obtains all the western lands obtained by the States, for the sole purpose to pay the war of independence debt, while creating new republican states with the sames status and rights as the others. -
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"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America"
Written by Benjamin Franklin, about the barbarians. The former was already aware that the Americans had prejudices about Indians.
He was also aware that the confrontation would mean the death to one of the parties -
Treaty of Paris
The treaty recognized the American Independence and ended the Indian Reserve as marked by the Proclamation Line. -
Land of Ordinance
Set a land sales system in the North-West so the Congress could earn money in the absence of direct taxation. -
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Northwest Indian War/ Little Turtle War
Native alliance to oppose US army -
Constitutional convention
Stood in Philadelphia. This convention was made to create a new government. Resulted in the writing of the Constitution of the USA -
Naturalization Act
This act established the condition required to become an American citizen : the immigrants had to be free, white, of "good moral character" and live at least two years (this requirement was expended in the following years) in the USA to become a citizen -
The Bill of rights
The ten first amendments of the constitution of the USA. Written by James Madison. -
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Consequences of Land of Ordinance
If a place reaches the number of 60 000 people, it can claim "Statehood".
1792 : Creation of Kentucky
1796 : Tennessee joins the Union -
Fugitive Slave Act
written to enforce the Fugitive Slave Clause that required every fugitive slave to be returned to their owner when captured. -
Pinckney Treaty
Allowed the US to access New Orleans (it mainly allowed the farmers to ship their products.) -
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase Treaty by the Secretary of State James Monroe and Robert R Livington. Multiplied by more than two the size of the US. -
Lewis and Clark expedition
First expedition to the West of the United States, after the territory of Louisiana was purchased from the French. Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. lasted two years. -
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Lewis and Clark expedition
The Corps of Discovery went to explore the lands obtained with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The expedition was meant to be bot commercial and scientific, by respectively locating resources and establishing maps and information on wildlife. -
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War of 1812
The United States declare war to Great Britain and invade Canadian territories. -
Battle of the Thames
Victory of Americans and also the death of Tecumseh -
Treaty of Joint Occupation
Agreement regarding an occupation of the Oregon territory as being "free and open" to the population of both states for trade and commerce for at least 10 years. -
Missouri Compromise
Separation between the free States and the slave States. Set on the southern border of Missouri, in 1820. -
Monroe doctrine
Speech of the president James Monroe in favor of a doctrine rejecting any American intervention in the European affairs. -
Creation BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs)
Dealt with Indian trades, treaties, supplies.
Enabled the Indians not to be lost in case they had a problem. -
Andrew Jackson becomes President of the USA
Wind of big removal for Indians, principal idea to Jackson. -
Huge Cherokee territory seized
Territory seized by American government due to the discovery of gold on the land -
American population "majority"
Huge waves of migration towards Texas by the Americans.
It was an attractive land , because it was on one hand hand cheap, and on the other hand people borrowed money to buy the land meaning that it created acreage. The population of Americans totally outnumbered those of Mexicans and refused to learn Spanish. Mexico reacted by forbidding American immigration, but it was too late. -
Indian Removal Act
President obtained right to negotiate with Indians in the Southwest on federal territory. -
Treaty of New Echota
Capital of Cherokees in Georgia, not a fair treaty, signers were bribed. -
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The Republic of Texas
Legalization of Slavery by President Samuel Houston.
The Texas was aware of its vulnerability, and asked for an annexation to the North, but it was directly refused since Texas allowed slavery. -
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Trail of Tears
Pressure over Indian lands.
All Indian tribes became Dependent Domestic Nations (give up lands willingly). -
The Spangled Banner Anthem
Us Anthem written by Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the attack of the fort McHenry by the British, in Baltimore -
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Gold Rush of California
Draws hundreds of thousands of miners in California. -
Treaty of Fort Laramie
The federal government grants the territory of the Great Plains to the Native American population, to protect them and their culture, two years after the Gold Rush had started in California. -
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The Civil War
Seven slave States declare secession after Abraham Lincoln is elected to the presidency, which is a turning point of the abolition of slavery. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty
Creation of reservations into the Indian territories. Children are sent to schools, the population is encouraged to practice agriculture. -
Second Treaty of Fort Laramie
Protection of the Native American population in a reservation located in the Black Hills. -
Treaty of Greenville
Indian territories recognized but had to give up large portions of lands.
Forbade settlers to cross the borders (not respected)
Established annuity system. -
Jim Crow law
Creation of law that initiated the African American segregation, introducing the "separated but equal" policy