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ESEA (Public Law 89-10)
Elementary and Secondary Education Act helps low-income families access high-quality education. The program includes free and/or reduced lunches and additional teachers. It applies to children who require additional support from the public school system. -
PARC v. Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for Retard Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania challenged the constitutionality of excluding individuals with mental retardation from public education. excluding individuals with mental retardation from public education. It also allowed students with mental retardation to be included in all classrooms instead of special classrooms. -
Mills v. Board of Education
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia is another case where handicapped students had been excluded from public schools. The courts required schools to describe the curricula, objectives, teacher qualifications, and supplemental services. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. -
IDEA (Public Law 101-476)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act establishes “people-first” language for referring to people with disabilities. Allows special education services to include social work, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services. Mandates that states provide bilingual education programs for students with disabilities. -
Board of Education v. Rowley
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley explains the case of Amy Rowley who was a deaf student whose school did not want to provide an interpreter.
This established the the definition of a free and appropriate public education (FAPE). It is the most significant case as it relates to the interpretation for students with disabilities. -
Honig v. Doe
The case focused on two students, John Doe and Jack Smith, who were suspended indefinitely as part of expulsion proceedings. The court ruled that schools could not expel children for behaviors related to their disability. This benefited individuals with emotional and/or behavior disorders who have academic and social problems. -
ADA (Public Law 101-336)
Americans with Disabilities Act Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in the private sector. Protects equal opportunity to employment and public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.
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Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
Garret was paralyzed from the neck down in an accident when he was age 4, but his mental capacities were unaffected. He required nursing services to attend his regular classes, and the court ruled that under IDEA students must be provided with the supplemental services they need to attend school at no extra cost to the parents.
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IDEIA (Public Law 108-446)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act ensures that all children with disabilities are entitled to a free public education that meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment and independent living. Adopts policies designed to prevent the disproportionate representation of students in special education by race and ethnicity. Raises standards for special education licensure. -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District.
This case presents the question whether and to what extent a parent of a child with a disability may proceed pro se in a federal court action brought pursuant to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The Supreme Court decided that parents may pursue IDEA claims on their behalf independent of their child’s rights. Parents may file an administrative complaint "with respect to any matter relating to the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of their child.