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Canadian immigration
Origin of immigrants arriving to Canada Before 1900, The majority of the immigrants are French, British or Amerindians. many people arrive in 1945 after war By 1900-1960, Western and Eastern Europe and China. 1960-1970: Chile Before 1970: The majority of the immigrants come from Italy. 1970-1980: Vietnam, Laos and Haiti
Beginning of the 1990s: Russia and other former communist countries. Since 2001 (9-11): Afghanistan and other Muslim countries (Iran, Iraq, etc.) -
Period: to
chap 3
1945 to 1980 -
The Baby Boom
In the post-war period, Québec's population increased due to two factors:
1) increased immigration from Europe after the war
2) high birth rate due to soldiers returning to their wives from the war Between 1946 and 1960, 135000 infants are born each year on average in Québec -
cold war
the United States of America and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had become allies against nazi Germany. Both countries promoted their ways of life and sought to impose their influence on the world. America being capitalist while USSR communistic. During this period of time, the US and USSR did not engage in direct conflict but helped out other countries who shared common interests. -
Canadian consumers
the living and working conditions of the Québec population improved. Wages increased and the number of working hours decreased. Québec residents can now devote more time to their leisure activities. Credit becomes more accessible, therefore people can purchase more goods and services such as: automobiles and home appliances . -
Indian residential schools
After the war, Indian children were no-longer allowed to attend their own schools and had to go to residential schools. The Canadian Government did this in order to assimilate the children and cause them to forget all about their indigenous past. The children were often abused and close to a quarter of them did not even make it out alive. -
Influence of the US
In the 1952 the first Canadian television stations were created in Montreal and Toronto. Even if televisions were expensive 90% of Canadians had at least 1. Canadian shows such as hockey night in Canada and Wayne and Schuster. Many Canadians had access to American television shows, as well, and so Canadians were under an influence from the USA. As a result, the Massey commission recommended that Canada needed to be protected from American cultural influences -
Duplessis era
Maurice Duplessis believed in rural life and considered the city sinful. Duplessis gave power to the catholic church to control education, hospitals, orphanages and welfare services. Duplessis made agriculture the primary industry and favoured it by adding electricity, creating roads, giving the farmers a new sources of technology and also helping farmers out financially, at times, through government support systems. -
Quiet revolution
In the elections, Jean Lesage and his liberal party defeat the Union Nationale. The main goals were to develop Québec so that it was not far behind from the rest of Canada, modernize Québec educational system ( free public school until 16) and finally to weaken the influence f the church and to end Québec's political situation. -
Neo-nationalism
The nationalists began to refer to themselves as “Québécois” rather than “French Canadians”. They felt like they only belonged to Québec and wanted their name to be associated with it During the 60s and 70s, more and more citizens, groups and political parties proposed political sovereignty for Québec. They believed that certain problems, such as the economic underdevelopment of Francophones and threats to the French language, could be solved if Québec was independent. -
Québec Nationalism
Many laws were implemented to sustain french culture, in Québec. Some of the important laws were: 1969:
Bill 63 (law to promote the French language) 1974:
Bill 22 (Official Language Act) 1977:
Bill 101 (Charter of the French language) -
Socio-cultural vitality
The measures taken to affirm cultural identity and the establishment of cultural venues by the state in the 1960s allowed artistic and cultural production to flourish. Québécois identity became an increasingly important element in the work of Québec artists. Inaugurated in 1963, Place des Arts’ Grande Salle featured renowned artists, theatre troupes and dance companies. Quebecers were happy to know that famous artists and theatres were becoming completely quebec based. -
The October Crisis
The FLQ kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte. Pierre Eliott Trudeau (the prime minister of the time) used the war time measures act to call out the army. Hundreds of FLQ members were arrested. Laporte was murdered and Cross was eventually released. -
Self-determination of Indigenous nations
The Aboriginal peoples were mobilizing and asserting themselves to demand respect for their rights. They hoped that all of Canada would respect their rights and consider their point of view. During political decisions, the aboriginals wished that Canada would take their interests and cultural characteristics into consideration.
The aboriginals were willing to forgive the descendants of the Europeans for everything Europe has done to them in the past. They also want a better education system
