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The hammer of witches, two dominican monks were comissioned by Innocent VIII to write on why more women are witches than men
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first knockoffs
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Writes Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone.
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Wrote Faustus
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Jewish Socrates.
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austrian succession
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Maria theresa preserves hapsburgs
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German Culturalist
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Progressive early romantic writer
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Developed thesis antithesis and synthesis. He believed in stages.
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germany unifier
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The combination acts outlawed guilds. The poor laws provided public relief for the poor.
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Ireland wanted independence from England.
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Nationalistic pressure grows.
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The German confederation replaced the HRE.
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These all threatened the Hapsburg empire, but they all failed.
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Representatives from German states gathered for the Frankfort Parliament, debated whether to include Austria in Germany.
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Boycotted British Goods
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Went with Leopold to have the Belgiums sign treaties
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Aix-La-Chapelle in Germany
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Dissolved student organizations
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Censorship
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Greece wanted freedom from the Ottomans.
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What to do with the Ottomans.
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Becomes a state with Russia as its protector.
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Boers migrate
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Had to step into Bismark's shoes and did not like it.
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All German states except Austria formed this free-trading union.
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Attempted to re-organize Ottoman Empire's administration and military. It opened the Tanzimat. It ended tax farming, sought to eliminate corruption. It was drawn up by administrative councils. It extended equality before the law regardless of religion.
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German political radical, wrote poems about the exploitation of women.
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Glorified weakness
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drew on romanticism, hated progress
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United under the conservative army, the monarchy, and the prime minister of Prussia. Conservative Germany was achieved for liberal reasons.
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were a general problem
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Architect for the naval race.
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Karl Marx believed in socialistic economy.
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Wrote the Communist Manifesto with Marx.
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Was the Prussian representative in the German confederation and the prime minister and ambassador to Russia. Became conservative and advocated constitutionalism that supported a strong monarch. Believed in iron and blood. Previous taxes were allowed but no new ones. Wanted small German unification. Wanted Prussia and Austria to work together to defeat Denmark in 1864. Got Napoleon to promise neutrality in the Austria-Prussian war. Promised Italy Venetia.
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39 unified states that sent representatives to Frankfurt.
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Will not approve taxes for William, was deadlocked for 2 years.
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Austria remains neutral and Prussia follows.
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Specified the rights of nonMuslims. Abolished torture, and allowed foreigners to acquire some forms of property. American Christian missionaries brought schools to the region. The Ottomans wanted loyal Christian subjects, but there millet system broke down. Nationalism increased.
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Created a federation
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Established a Bicameral imperial Parliment. Lasted 6 years because the Magyars refused o participate.
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beaureaucrat
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Excluded Austria from Germany
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Fought over Schleswig and Holstein. Bismarck orders Prussia to be obnoxious to Austria and then refuses to help.
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Everything north of the main river was unified.
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Triple monarchy
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Isabella II deposed. Leopold replaced her, which Bismarkck knew France would object strongly to. On July 12, Count Vincent went to visit Leopold, whose father recalled his candidacy, which made Bismarck mad, so he released an edited copy of the transcript to start a war.
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Bismarck thought Catholics threatened his unity, so he tried to remove them from education.
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This upset the balance of power in Europe.
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Bismark no longer wants territory for Germany.
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Prussian priests had to be educated in German schools and pass German state tests and give up their disciplinary power of the church.
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He establish the Three Emperors; League with Austria and Russia.
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Resulted in the independence of or Russia/Austria dominating over most of the Ottoman European holdings.
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Technically conceived in 1876, left the sultans power mostly intact, but the next sultan retrogessed.
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Ended the Three Emperors' League
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Freed Slav states in the Balkans from Ottoman rule.
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Britain and Austria force Russia to come and help divvy up the Ottoman empire.
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Germany and Austria against Russia.
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King Leopold II gets colonies for Belgiun
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Back because the meeting in Austria frightened Russia into it.
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Led the Berlin Conference
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Invented the modern internal combustion engine and mounted it on a carriage body.
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Comes to the German throne. He wants equal status with Britain. Starts a naval race.
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supported Arab independence from Turkey
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Disagree, then William dismisses Bismark
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Steel production is twice that of Britain's.
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Union of German Womens Organization founded.
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The first breach in Britain's isolation combined with Japan to protect British interests against Russia. It then made a series of agreements with the French.
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Germany tried to go around and capture France.
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German and Britain naval fight.
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Military officer revolt against sultan's power. A reformists group known as the Young Turks came to modernize the empire until WWI, with the underlying theme of secularization of government.
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Seized Ottoman power and modernized the empire.
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want to stop Turkey.
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Mobilizes its army against Russia
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Serbia only meets some of the requirements.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinad is assassinated by a Serbian.
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Sunk by a German submarine, angering the president.
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tries one last offensive
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Allows German women to vote.
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Poland is brought back again and goes from a democracy to military rule.
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dismembered
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determing of germanys bill
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Declares Germany to be in default of its war debt payments.
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Makes his first move with the 25 points.
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Nazi uprising.
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France invades for war payment.
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Hindenburg elected president
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Wanted France and Britain to accept Streissman's peace proposal.
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Begin to collapse
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Settled war debts.
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Was burned down by a mentally impaired individual.
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Allowed Hitler to rule by decree.
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Four year plans; strikes become illegal.
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From the League of Nations
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Sign a nonagression pact
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Robbed Jews of their citizenship
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Sends troops into the Rhineland
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Night of Smashed Glass
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Great powers met to try and avoid war.
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Surprised everyone.
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Hitler tries to annex Austria
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Code name for German operation to invade Russia.
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Hitler goes power crazy.
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Hitler decides to destroy all the Jews in Europe.
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Troops land on the coast of Normandy.
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They fail to assassinate Hitler
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Torn down.
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Cominform is formed.
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Berlin blocade and Bertlin Wall.
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West Germany is the German Federal Republic; East Germany is the German Democratic Republic.