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wealth for Spain and produced nearly one-third of the world’s sugar in the mid-1800s.
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President Millard Fillmore ordered Commodore Matthew C. Perry to negotiate a trade treaty with Japan.
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warships under Perry’s command entered Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay).
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Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, giving the United States trading rights at two Japanese ports.
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Cuban rebels declared independence and launched a guerrilla war against Spanish authorities.
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United States negotiated permission to open a base In the Samoan islands
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Economic and military competition, where they focused on reconstructing the south, settling the west and building up industry
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"The work which the English race began when it colonized North America is destined to go on until every land . . . that is not already the seat of an old civilization shall become English in its language, in its religion, in political habits and traditions, and to a predominant extent in the blood of its people." -John Fiske
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Spain abolished slavery
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wealthy sugar planters led by Sanford Dole forced the Hawaiian king to accept a new constitution that limited the king’s authority. The planters eventually wanted to make Hawaii part of the United States.
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the country risked war to prevent Germany from taking control of Samoa.
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U.S. naval officer Captain Alfred T. Mahan helped build public support for a navy when he published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History in 1890.
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By the 1890s, several different ideas had come together. Business leaders wanted new markets overseas.
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Congress passed a new tariff
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"To provide resting places for them [warships], where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea." Alfred Thayer Mayan
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United States and Cuba had become closely linked economically. Cuba exported much of its sugar to the United States, and Americans had invested approximately $50 million in Cuba’s sugar plantations, mines, and railroads.
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United States imposed a new tariff on sugar that devastated Cuba’s economy
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United States imposed a new tariff on sugar that devastated Cuba’s economy
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With Cuba in financial distress, the Cuban rebels launched a new rebellion
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Martí died during the fighting, but the rebels
seized control of eastern Cuba, declared independence, and formally established the Republic of Cuba -
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William McKinley asked Spain whether the United States could help negotiate an end to the conflict, so that the United States would not have to intervene in the war.
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the United States annexed Hawaii and McKinley chose Dole to be Hawaii's first governor.
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the loyalists rioted in Havana. McKinley sent the
battleship USS Maine to Havana to protect Americans living there. -
The Maine exploded in the Havana Harbor
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agreement divided Samoa between Germany and the United States.
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The United States signed a treaty exempting Hawaiian sugar from tariffs. This action was taken to aid Hawaii during an economic recession and prevent Hawaii from turning to Britain or France for help.