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The Bureau of Indian Affairs was established, which handled affairs between Native Americans and the government.
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In the 1830’s a movement called socialism spread throughout Europe, and socialism was an economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of property and income
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The first national labor union was founded in 1834, as the National Trades Union.
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A law was passed that regulated trade relations between Americans and Native Americas, and strictly limited the access of white people to this Native American Territory
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Many German and Irish Catholics had begun to immigrate to the United States.
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Starting in the 1840’s China and Eastern Europe experienced repeated wars and political revolutions, disrupting their economy and leaving many political refugees, which caused many people to emigrate from these countries to America.
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Samuel Morse perfected telegraph technology, the process of sending messages over wire, and sent the first telegraph message from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, Maryland
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Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, which revolutionized the way clothes were made in homes and factories.
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During the 1850’s Henry Bessemer developed a process called the Bessemer process, which purified iron, resulting in a strong, but lightweight steel.
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In the 1850’s Elisha Otis developed a safety elevator that would not fall if the lifting rope broke, which made it possible to build higher skyscrapers.
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By the 1850’s, gold and silver had been found in Indian Territory, and the United States government decided to start going into their territory, and reducing the space for Native Americans
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The federal government began to restrict Indians to smaller Areas of land then before
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Elisha Otis developed a safety mechanism to prevent elevator cars from suddenly falling.
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Rowland H. Macy opened what he called a department store
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Edwin Drake drilled what became the world’s first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Before oil was discovered, people would boil down whale blubber for light and fuel, but whale hunting was time-consuming, and whales were becoming scarce.
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Biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, which argued that animals evolved by a process of “natural selection” and that only the fittest survived to reproduce
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By the late 1860’s, Native Americans had been forced into separate reservations, and were no longer free to roam the Plains, and faced suppression and poverty.
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A group of Sioux Indians had resisted threats to their land rights by attacking settlements in eastern Minnesota, which in response the government waged a full scale war against the Sioux.
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The first Klu Klux Klan, a group of whites that believed in limited the rights of blacks, was created.
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America adopted the 13th Amendment
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The legendary warrior Red Cloud and his followers led Captain William Fetterman and his troops into an ambush, killing them all
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Treaty of Medicine Lodge signed
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Horatio Alger published his first novel, Ragged Dick, or Street Life in New York. Told the story of a boy who rose to wealth and fame by working hard, and showed how anyone could vault from poverty to wealth and fame if they worked hard and tried hard eno
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New York City installed elevated transit with steam driven engines
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The government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, where the government agreed not to build a road through Sioux territory, and to abandon three forts, as long as the Sioux and others who signed the treaty agreed to live on reservation with support of
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The 14th Amendment was adopted in America
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George Westinghouse patented air brakes for trains
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Uriah Stephens founded a labor union called the Knights of Labor. This union included workers of any trade, skilled or unskilled, and also recruited Africa Americans
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Texas farmers in the 1870’s began to organize and negotiate as a group for lower process for supplies
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The number of corporations, which were groups of people who share ownership of a business, increased dramatically.
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Southern and Eastern European immigrants became coming to the United States.
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By the 1870’s, many big cities had department stores
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The nation had only a few hundred high schools open for education
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In the 1870’s, hunters went onto Indian Territory and slaughtered many of their buffalo, sometimes for only their meat, only their hide, or only for entertainment, but never put the kill to good use, and wasted the Indian’s source of food and material.
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The 15th amendment was ratified.
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A fire destroyed Chicago, killing between 200- 300 people.
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Congress passed a law stating “no Indian nation of tribe within the United States would be recognized as an independent nation, tribe or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty”
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By the late 1800’s, industrial waste had risen dramatically, and mining had begun to destroy the land. Congress responded to this problem by setting aside protected lands that would eventually become part of the National Park Service. In 1872, the Yellows
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San Francisco installed steam-driven cable cars
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Mark Twain published his book The Gilded Age
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Indians attacked a group of Texans near the Red River in 1874
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The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was enacted by Congress, which guaranteed black patrons the right to raise trains and use public facilities
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The Black Hills Gold Rush took place, which drew prospectors onto Sioux hunting grounds in the Dakotas and neighboring Montana.
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Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone
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A colonel named George Custer and his force of about 250 men were faced with 2,000 Indians, which was called the Battle of the Little Big Horn, where Custer and his men were defeated
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The federal government decided to move the tribe Nez Percés to a smaller reservation to make room for white settlers.
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many railroad strikes were held because railroad worker’s wages had all been cut
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Inventor Thomas Edison patented his invention of the electric light bulb.
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Throughout the 1880’s business mergers created powerful empires for those who invested in steel, railroads, meat, far, equipment, sugar, lumber, and a number of other enterprises.
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Factory owners began trying to maximize profits by employing people who would work for low wages, for a long time, and not spending much money on working conditions.
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By the end of the 1880’s nearly one in five children between the ages of 10 and 16 worked rather than attending school.
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farmers in Mexico, Poland, and China were having difficult times because of land reform and low prices, and were pushed to America
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The first practical light bulb was introduced.
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During the 1880’s city planners attempted to regulate housing, sanitation, sewers and public health
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By the 1880's only two railroads (Texas to Chicago, and Tennessee to Washington D.C.) linked the North and the South
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After the Civil War, large numbers of Europeans, and some Asians immigrated to the United States because of political upheaval, religious discrimination and crop failures in their homelands. Nearly three quarters of a million immigrants arrived in America
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Terence V. Powderly took on the leadership of the Knights of Labor
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Standard Oil Trust is formed
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In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers, limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants already in the United States and forbade the naturalization of Chinese Residents.
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New York City installed it’s first permanent commercial central power system
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The first suspension bridge, the Brooklyn Bridge, spanning the East River in New York City, was completed.
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by 1883, there were three transcontinental railroad lines in the United States.
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In a series of civil rights cases decided in 1883, the Supreme Court ruled that decisions about who could use public accommodations was a local issue, and to be decided by state or local laws.
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African American inventor Granville Woods invented an improved steam-powdered furnace for running trains, called the Steam Boiler Furnace.
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Delegates from 27 countries came together and divided the globe into 24 time zones, which is still used today, because there were problems with the transcontinental railroad, when each town set their clocks independently.
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Lamarcus Thompson opened the world’s first roller coaster
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The Knights of Labor included 700,000 men and woman nationwide
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Samuel Gompers formed the American Federation of Labor, which was a craft union, a loose organization of skilled workers.
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The Strike in Haymarket Square took place, which was part of a campaign to achieve an 8-hour workday for the workers
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Granville Woods patented a telegraph system for trains.
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The United States Senate created the Interstate Commerce Commission, to oversee railroad operations. This was the first federal body ever set up to monitor American business operations, and although they would monitor railroads that crossed state lines, i
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The Dawes Act was put into order, where the government replaced the system of reservations for Indians, and instead began using an allotment system.
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Richmond, Virginia, introduced streetcars powered by overhead electric cables
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During the 1890’s the boll weevil, a beetle, which could destroy an entire crop of cotton, appeared in Texas.
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During the 1890’s droughts and competition from foreign farmers drove many American Farmers into the city seeking jobs, increasing the already large workforce there.
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The United States had adapted the Bessemer process of producing steel, and was out producing British steel manufacturers.
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The Senate passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed any trust that operated “in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states”
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by the 1890’s social workers began to lobby to get children out of factories and into childcare or schools, which eventually led to states passing legislation to stop child labor
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By the 1890’s after a series of failed strikes, the Knights of Labor had largely disappeared.
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By 1890, many cities had huge immigrant populations in the North.
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New York’s Lower East Side had a population of more than 700 people per acre
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Cities began embracing designs that had separate zones for heavy industry, financial institutions and residences.
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The government ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull, an Indian leader
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James Naismith invented basketball at the Springfield, Massachusetts, YMCA
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Ellis Island opened and immigrants began to be processed there, before they could officially enter America
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Economic depression led to cuts in steelworker’s wages, and steelworkers held a strike at Homestead
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Workers stroke against Pullman, a Car Company that produced luxury railroad cars.
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Stephan Crane wrote the novel Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, which exposed the slums of New York.
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By June of 1894, nearly 300,000 railroad workers had walked off their jobs
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Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph
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Boston opened a public underground subway
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A court case established that Chinese people born in America were United Sates Citizens, and could freely go and come to America, but many immigration officers ignored this ruling.
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There were more than one million telephones in the United States, and more than 100,000 miles of telegraph wire linked users across the land
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After 1900, immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe made up more than 70% of all immigrants
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From 1870 to 1900 the number of newspapers increased from about 600 to 1,600
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The literacy rate of America was almost 90%
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Factory production of automobiles with gas-powered engines, after electric streetcars, commuter trains and subways began appearing in major cities, and the demand for gas-powered automobiles arose.
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The first successful airplane flight took place, by the brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright, who were two bicycle manufacturers.
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New York City opened a public underground subway
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since 1881, the number of immigrants migrating to America had been steadily climbing, and in 1905, almost one million immigrants were coming in per year.
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The song “Take Me Out to the Ball Game” was written
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Angel Island was opened, where immigrants crossing the Pacific Ocean to come to America began being processed.
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By 1910, there were six Italian-language papers in New York City
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There were more than 5,000 high schools in the Nation