-
Captions of industry- Andrew carnegie
-19th century industrialist
-made his fortune in the steel industry
-controlled the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the U.S. -
Period: to
Cattle drive era
-cattle drives started in texcas and endedn in the mid-west @ the RR lines
-more beef was needed in the west coast because of growing populations -
Homestead Act
-opened up settlement in the western US allowing American slaves to claim up to 160 free acres of federal land
-created a war with native americans to protect their tribal land from white settlement
-gold in cali, extended RR to expand westward -
Morse code
-a single-circuit telegraph the worked by pushing the operate key down to complete the electric of the battery. This action sent the electric single across a wire to a receiver at the other end.
-telegraph lines normally ran with the RR track since the RR used them 1st and the routes were laid out already.
-electric telegraphs were to reduce the cost of sending a message compared to semaphores, could be used 24 hours a day -
Period: to
Rise of labor unions
-labor leaders criticized company owners and managers for reducing competition,paying low wages,and maintaining unsafe working conditions
-factory workers formed and joined labor unions in order to engage in collective bargaining with employers
-many workers went on strike in the 1880s -
First Transcontinental Railroad
-1st time could travel from coast to coast
-markets expanded & cheaper distributions
-ppl moved east
-forced Indians off their land
-ended long cattle drives
-farmers had quick access to markets -
Nest cartoon about "Boss" tweed
-nast used his cartoons to attack the tammany hall political ring and boss tweed was removed from poer in the election of Nov 7, 1871. tweed was arrested in 1873 and convicted of fraud -
captians of america-John D. rockfeller
-he was the owner of standard oil company
-his money helped pay for creation of university of Chicago which he gave for an 80$ million dollars
-helped found the Rockefeller institute for medical research in new York -
Period: to
Gilded age and westward expansion
-the gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the north and west, pay was way higher than Europe which promoted immigration.
-RR were the majors industry,but the factory system mining and finance increased
-this time period is characterized by economic growth widespread poverty westward expansion and political corruption -
Bessemer Steel process
-The removal of impurities f/ iron
- revolutionized steel production
-made steel 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further -
Nast vs. Boss tweed
-he filled important political positions
-controlled the NYC government and democratic party
-established a network of corruption known as tweed ring
-stole millions of dollars from NYC
- escaped prison to spain, captured and sent back to prison. -
Chinese exclusionary act
-first significant restriction on US immigration
-prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers
-act was originally intended to last 10 years, but was renewed for another 10 years in 1892 and in 1902 the ban was made permanent. -
Haymarket Riot
-labor protest rally near chicagos haymarket
-turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police
-8 people died
-8 radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing -
Hull house
-to provide higher civic and social life
-in Chicago, Illinois
-founded by ellen G. starr and jane addams
-made woman more politically influenced
- had more power among men -
Homestead strike
-labor workers went on strike because pay was low and working conditions were low
- Andrew Carnegie was in Scotland while Henry frick was in Chicago
- resulted in the weakening of labor unions -
Pullman strike
-factory wages at the company fell about 25% but the rents george pullman charged did not decrease
-3 thousand pullman workers went on a "wildcat" strike that is without authorization
-june 29, 50 thousand men had quit there jobs
-federal troops, made rioters even worse they started stopping trains and setting fire to anything
-it was the first time a federal injunction was used to break up a riot -
Period: to
Ellis island
-from 1892 to 1954, over twelve million immigrants entered the united states
-mostly from western and northern Europe, immigrants came from Germany, Ireland, and Europe
-main reason immigrants were excluded was of health reasons -
Period: to
Angel island
-in san Francisco bay
-Chinese & Japanese immigrants -
Period: to
Great migration
-job oppurtunites
-voting was right
-violence of hate -
Americanization day
-created to bring together new and old immigrants
-Americans viewed immigrants as a threat to America
-immigrants were worried they wouldn't be accepted as American citizens