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Caesar forms an informal political alliance with Pompey and Crassus, known as the First Triumvirate. This coalition allows Caesar to gain significant political support and power in Rome, paving the way for his future career.
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Caesar is elected consul of Rome, the highest elected office in the Roman Republic. During his consulship, he passes several important reforms, including land distribution to veterans and reducing the power of the Senate.
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In this decisive battle during the Gallic Wars, Caesar defeats the Gallic leader Vercingetorix, effectively ending the resistance of the Gallic tribes. This victory solidifies Caesar's control over Gaul and enhances his reputation as a military genius.
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In a bold move, Caesar crosses the Rubicon River with his army, declaring "The die is cast" ("Alea iacta est"), signaling the start of a civil war against Pompey and the Roman Senate. This act of defiance against the Senate's authority is a critical turning point in Roman history.
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Caesar defeats Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus in Greece, leading to Pompey's flight to Egypt, where he is later killed. After Pompey's defeat, Caesar becomes the uncontested leader of Rome.
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In 46 BCE, Caesar was appointed dictator for life, granting him near-absolute power. He implemented reforms
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On March 15, 44 BCE, Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators, fearing he would establish a monarchy. His death led to further civil wars, ultimately paving the way for his heir, Octavian