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Brazil is discovered by the Portugues navigator Cabral. And in 1532, the first colony was established by Martim Afonso de Sousa.
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The rule of Brazil was part of Portugal's empire between 1533-1807. In 1808, Portugueses monarchy is transfered to Brazil in escape of the Napoleonic Wars.
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In the 1600s problems started to occur in Russia. Social mobility limited law code of 1649. Serfdom was used and was harsh. As well as the harsh military.
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The British first began to colinize India in the 1700s. The Brisish, East India Comany dominated the Indian affairs for many years.
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Peter "The Great" and Catherine ruled in the 1700s. He pushed Russia to modernize/ westernize the military as well as the government, enen fashion. Catherine was very liberal and helped set up an education system, as well as women rights.
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THe British won the Battle of Plassey and established British Supremacy over India.
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Brazil abolishes slavery. This is a step toward the the establishment of the country.
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Czar ruled in Russia from 1894-1917. Nicholas proved himself unable to lead his nation through political turmoil. He also struggled controlling the military during WW1.
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In 1912 Sun Yat-sen stepped down and Yuan Shikai took power. He tried to set up a new army. However, the military did not support him. The economy failed because rival armied battled for control. THe nation divided the nation and local warlords took over power. Teh peasants suffered tramendiously.
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In 1916 he was assasinated. He had a lot of influence over Russia. He gained ppower in the military, he also added courruption to the government.
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Sudents protest against Twenty-One demands. The goal was to strengthen China by rejecting confucain traditions and adopt ideas from the West, and put an end to foreign domination. Women played a big role, they wanted to end footbinding.
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By 1922 Lenin had set up a dictatorship in Russia and the communist party. Lenin died in 1924. He was under suvier stress and this reflected very poorly on his health. He was deprived of speech in 1923 after a stroke.
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Jiang Jieshi took over Guomindang after Sun's death. He lead northern expeditions in cooperation with Chinese Communists and crushed the warlords. He took over control of Beijing.
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He wanted to Industrialize Russia, Socialization the culture, increase agriculture production, and increase nationalization. THis was supposed to help Russia, but it failed.
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This is when the Indian National Congress declares independance from British rule.
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In the 1930s Brazil's ecomonmy began to rapidly industrialize. However the two World Wars caused a depression.
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From 1934-1935 the Communists retreaded on a "Long March" to northern Chin. During the March, soldiers were told to treat peasants polietly and treat them well to gain their support.
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A new constitution was created which incorperates state regulation of wage and hours. Industrial disability insurance is established. There are many social reforms including minimum wage laws, but the poor, illiterate classses can not vote.
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This is when India gained their independance from the British. This was a long faught war and finally was won by the people! This was a great celebration.
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This was one of Gahndi's many fasts that he did as a form of protest. This was only one of the many fasts that he did. Gahndi believed in peaceful ways of protests and had many followers.
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Thousands of demonstrators mainly young people, gathered in Tiananmen Square. They wanted democracy in China and after several day the government sent in troops and tanks. The event soon became violent and thousands were killed or wounded.
