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The American constitution is ratified
It granted rights for citizens but is silent on who is a citizen. -
end of Civil War / abolition of slavery
The Jim Crow laws were established in Southern states
It marked the beginning of segregation
it had a religious side Whites are chosen , Blacks are cursed
Blacks and Whites were not allowed to shake hands, to eat together ...
Blacks were not given curtesy titles ( Mr / Mrs..)
Blacks and Whites were SEPARATED example : the Separate Car Act in Louisiana. -
14th amendment
defends rights for ALL
grants equality and equal protection of LAWS.
the right to participate, to vote, to be protected. -
Period: to
Plessy Vs Ferguson
a 30 years old shoemaker boarded a white only train in Louisiana. He was arrested because he was 1/8 Black.
He went on trial and lost.
He appealed and lost again so he pushed his case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that Separate BUT Equal was constitutional. -
Period: to
the USA became an apartheid state and segregation was constitutional
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Period: to
Civil Rights movements
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Brown Vs Board of education
a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Black Lives Matter was created
The movement began in July 2013, with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon Martin 17 months earlier in February 2012