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Smallpox was the first vaccine. Edward Jenner dervied this vaccine from a weakened version of the cow pox disease.
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Proteins were actually recognized as a class of biological molecules in the 18th century by Antoine fourcroy, but was not labled as a protein until 1838. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function.
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The first vaccination campaign publicly annouced the development of vaccines and named them to be mandatory. If someone refused a vaccine they were sentenced to prison.
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From 1856-1863, Mendel cultivated thousands of plants observing and discovering the genetic patterns over time. His work was not seriously discovere and considered until the 1900s and is now named the Father of genetics.
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First pasteurization was done by Louis Pasteur and Claud Bernard. Their process included the heating of food and liquids to kill any microrganisms that could be harmful to our health.
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Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle. It was discovered by a medical student named Paul Langerhans.
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Enzymes were first discovered in the process of fermentation. Enzymes are proteins catalyze. Most aid in digestion.
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Penicillan was the first antibiotic dicovered by Alexander Fleming. It was primarily used in the military for prevention of gonorrhea in soldiers.
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The Avery experiment was an experimental demonstration, reported in 1944 by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty. DNA causes bacterial transformation.
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In 1952 the first x ray image of DNA was taken. This led to the discovery its molecular structure by Watson and Crick.
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The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, which helped to confirm that DNA was the genetic material.
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In 1973, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer created the first recombinant DNA organism. The first application of this new technology was used in bacteria to creat certain proteins.
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In 1976, Walter Fiers was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome. The genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information.
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In 1982, the creation of the first "transgenic animal" (mouse) was accomplished by transferring a gene from one mouse to the embryo of another in such a way that the gene would be expressed in the mouse and in its future offspring.
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Kary Mullis conceived the idea for the polymerase chain reaction. In 1993 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of PCR
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First GM whole food crop developed was a tomato. It sold the summer of 1996 as a tomato paste in Europe.
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Scientists created Dolly, the first cloned animal from an adult cell. She lived until 2003.
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Human embryonic stem cell lines are created. They could potentially replace diseased cells in the human body.
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The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.
