-
2000 BCE
water microscope
the water microscope is invented in china. -
1450
spectacles are invented
Grinding lenses is invented in Italy and glasses are made to improve vision. -
Compound microscope invented
Dutch lens makers Hans and Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope. -
Cell theory
The origins of cell theory begin in 1665 -
discovery of cells
In 1665 Robert Hooke discovered cells by looking at a piece of cork with a primitive microscope. -
Micrographia
Robert Hooke publishes Micrographia. -
francesco redi
in 1668 Francesco redi attempted to disprove spontaneous generation by placing meats in flasks some of which were sealed. He noted that maggots only existed in the unsealed flasks where flies would be able to enter freely and lay their eggs. -
discovery of animalcules and bacteria by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
In 1674 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek discovers microscopic animalcules and bacteria by looking at water with a telescope. -
John Needham
John Needham attempted to prove spontaneous generation by placing broth in a vial, then heating it to kill everything within the vial, and then sealed it. Days later he noted that the presence of life had formed in the broth, and said that it had come from nonlife. However Needham had not heated the vial long enough to kill all the microbes. -
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Spallanzani tried to disprove spontaneous generation by taking broth in two separate bottles, boiling, then sealing one bottle and leaving the other open. Days later the opened bottle started to show signs of life which could be observed with the newly invented microscope. the sealed bottle however formed no living organisms. -
spherical aberration
In 1830 Joseph Jackson Lister reduces the problem with spherical aberration by putting several weak lenses together -
Basis for cell theory
In 1838 and 1839 Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann conducted studies and concluded that that all living things were made up of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit of organization in a living thing. -
Rudolf Virchow
In 1858 Rudolf Virchow hypothesized that new cells come from preexisting cells. -
Pasteurization discovered
In 1862 Louis Pasteur discovers pasteurization by taking milk and heating it to a certain temperature for a set period of time. -
louis pasteur disproves spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation by using a special swan neck flask and placing a broth in it. He then boiled the broth to kill all the microorganisms within. Then he allowed the infusion to sit for a while. Because of the shape of the flask the broth was exposed to air. However no microorganisms formed. Then he put some of the broth in the neck of the bottle and then microorgansms began to appear. Proving spontaneous generation does not exist. -
The Abbe condenser
The Abbe condenser is invented. -
wavelength of light
Ernst Abbe creates a mathematical theory correlating resolution to the wavelength of light. -
Discovery of cell mitosis and chromosomes
In 1879 Walter Fleming discovers cell mitosis and chromosomes. -
Postulates
In 1885 Robert Koch discovers his famous postulates. the cholera vibrio, anthrax bacillus and the tuberculosis bacillus. -
Kohler illumination
Kohler illumination is invented. -
Phase contrast microscope
Richard Zsigmondy creates the ultra-microscope -
first commercial uv microscope is invented.
In 1904 the first commercial uv microscope is invented. -
electron microscope
In 1931 Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invents the first ever electron microscope. -
Phase contrast microscope
Fritz Zernike invents the ultra microscope -
Electron microscope
Ernst Ruska creates the electron microscope -
Scanning electron microscope invented
In 1942 Ernst Ruska invents the scanning electron microscope. -
Miller-Ury experiment
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey. Tried to discover how life originated by conducting an experiment by simulating hypothetical conditions of the early history on earth. They used water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. After one week they discovered that as much as 10-15% of the carbon within was now in the form of organic compounds. -
Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis came up with the theory of endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis is the theory that explains the origins of chloroplast, mitochondria. And explains how eukaryotic cells came to be. -
scanning tunneling microscope
in 1981 the scanning tunneling microscope is invented by gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
